The Impact of AI-Powered Language Learning Tools on Second Language Acquisition: A Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into language education has transformed traditional second language acquisition (SLA) practices. This study investigates the impact of AI-powered language learning tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Duolingo, and Grammarly) on learners' linguistic competence, motivation, and autonomy. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 120 intermediate English learners across diverse linguistic backgrounds. Quantitative data were gathered through pre- and post-tests assessing grammar, vocabulary, and writing skills, while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and learner diaries. Results indicate significant improvements in vocabulary acquisition and writing accuracy among participants using AI tools, alongside enhanced motivation and self-directed learning. However, challenges such as over-reliance on AI and limited conversational practice were also identified. The findings contribute to the growing body of research on technology-enhanced language learning and offer practical implications for educators and developers of AI-driven language tools.