Syntactic Typology of Dayak Maanyan Language

Abstract

Basic sentence structure in the Indonesian language is subject and predicate (SP) and can be extended into some types of sentences. Also, the Dayak Maanyan language has a quite similar basic sentence structure, but some differences are indicated as its unique features in daily language. The basic sentence structure of the Dayak Maayan language is basically S-P. However, the structure becomes PS, as P is emphasized. This study deals with sentence structure in Dayak Maanyan language using a syntactic typology approach. It deployed a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis technique. The result shows that the typical sentence structure of the Dayak Maanyan language is S + P + (O) + (C) + (A). The subject precedes predicate (S-P), and also probably follows predicate (P-S). The predicate is usually reflected in verbs and adjectives. In the S-P and P-S structures, the predicate also commonly uses a noun, number, and prepositional phrase. The object is determined by types of the predicate and follows the predicate (P-O). The complement is located after the predicate since there is no object after the predicate. If there is an object, the complement is located after the object. The complement has an arbitrary characteristic, which possibly moves to any position. It reflects the meaning of place, time, manner, purpose, accompaniment, means, comparison, cause, and source.