The Indirectness of Directive Speech by Prophet Muhammad in The Hadith of Bukhari

الملخص

This research aims to describe the pattern of the indirectness speech of directive speech act used by the prophet Muhammad in the Hadith of Bukhari. Hadiths as a resource for Muslims are dominated by directive speech acts that have consequences to demand hearer (H) to do something, although there are also utterances that are delivered indirectly. This research tries to investigate the form of indirectness speech, so the language pattern would be found. This research is a descriptive research. The analysis method of this research used a pragmatic approach which has function to see the phenomenon of language completely because it noticed the context aspect in its analysis. The results of this study found that the indirectness used by the prophet Muhammad manifested in the domain of friends, families, and non-Muslims. The form of indirect speech happened because of the dissimilarity between the sentence mode with the intention of speech, such as the interrogative or declarative sentence mode which has the intention of commanding, ordering, or prohibiting. In addition, the form of indirectness can be seen because of the context of the speech. Indirect speech occurred due to various factors. The factors of the use of indirectness are the large imposition, the social distance, and the relative rights and obligations. Related to the function of the use of indirectness, it serves to guard H's face, to reduce his offense, to avoide H's discomfort, to preserve H's dignity or self-esteem, and to give options to H because the indirectness speech requires the interpretation to find the true meaning.