The Correlation between High-Risk Pregnancy > 35 Years Old with Labioschizis Congenital Disorders

Abstract

Abnormalities of the lip and palate or commonly referred to as cleft lip or labioschizis, are congenital abnormalities of the gap between the right and/or left sides of the lip. Palatoschizis is the most common congenital abnormality after labioschizis with multifactorial causes and is found in every nation in the world. This congenital anomaly is ranked the third most common based on a survey conducted in 13 major hospitals in Indonesia, and the incidence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate is 1 per 700-1000 births worldwide, and Asians have the highest risk. Among the factors causing it, genetics is agreed to be the main factor. Infants die or are disabled; even mothers die during childbirth, which often occurs in pregnancies aged > 35 years and over. Giving birth at the age of > 35 years and over, babies born are susceptible to genetic disorders. This study is to report cleft lip due to high-risk pregnancy > 35 years old at regional public hospital Drs. H. Amri Tambunan, Deli Serdang, which is a type B regional hospital in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This was a descriptive analysis with the cross-sectional retrospective study by using medical records of high-risk pregnancy > 35 years old patients treated from January to December 2019. The data are presented in tabular and pie form. In this study, there were 86 samples of patients with high-risk pregnancies > 35 years, and there were 49 (56.9%) patients in this study. The highest incidence rate was congenital cleft lip in 39 (45.3%) patients. Operations on children with congenital abnormalities such as labioschizis, labiopalatoschizis, and labiopalatognatoschizis are mostly performed when children are > 3 months – 12 months old, as many as 11 (28.2%) patients while 16 (41.1%) patients do not have surgery in this research. The results of this study did not show a relationship between the age of pregnant women > 35 years with the incidence of abnormalities under the cleft lip with a p-value of 0.230 which means a sig value > 0.05. However, based on the data that researchers got, respondents with maternal age of > 35 years tend to experience labioschizis, meaning that the older the age of pregnant women, the riskier they give birth to babies with labioschizis.