Exploring the Pedagogical Considerations for the Use and Development of Learning Materials in Moroccan EFL Classrooms

Abstract

Instructional materials play a significant role in language teaching and learning processes as they provide learners with the input needed for them to learn the language effectively. They also support enriching language instruction and stimulate learners’ interests and motivation. The aims of the present study were to explore Moroccan EFL high school teachers’ perceptions of instructional materials, the criteria they follow when developing materials, the types of learning materials they use besides the textbook, and the challenges they encounter in materials development. For this purpose, the study used a mixed methods design that combines both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The sample of the study consisted of 160 public high school teachers who have different teaching experiences. The instruments that were used to collect data included a questionnaire, classroom observation, and document analysis. The results of the study revealed that teachers hold different perceptions about materials. On the one hand, some teachers view materials as anything that can be used to facilitate language learning, while others relate material to grammar worksheets that can be used to support the understanding of certain grammatical items. Further analysis revealed that the materials they develop for their learners focus on grammar with very little attention to communication. In addition, the findings showed that the textbook is the main learning material used in Moroccan EFL classrooms. However, the majority of teachers reported that they are unsatisfied with the EFL materials they use. Moreover, the findings found that teachers are not well trained and do not have the necessary skills that will allow them to develop effective materials. Also, authentic materials are not easily accessible, and they cannot be easily used. The study concluded with some pedagogical recommendations for Moroccan EFL teachers and materials developers.