Arabic Loanwords in Basa Magindanawn: A Lexical Analysis Based on Juanmartí’s Dictionary

Abstract

This article examines Arabic loanwords in Basa Magindanawn (the Maguindanao language), as documented in what is widely considered the first Maguindanao dictionary: the Moro-Maguindanao-Spanish Dictionary, compiled by the Spanish Jesuit Jacinto Juanmartí and published in the late 19th century. The primary objective is to identify and compile all Arabic-derived terms included in this work—those explicitly labeled by the author as Arabic, those described as Malay but demonstrably of Arabic origin, and others with Arabic roots that are not overtly specified. In the second phase of the study, these terms are categorized into semantic fields based on the Spanish definitions provided by Juanmartí. This thematic classification allows for a nuanced analysis of the linguistic and cultural dimensions of the loanwords. The ultimate aim is to establish a foundation for future research, fostering deeper investigation into the Maguindanao language and encouraging new perspectives on this topic. In addition, the study emphasizes the value of such research in supporting the preservation of the Maguindanao language and in highlighting the broader linguistic and cultural diversity of the Philippines—particularly in Mindanao and other regions where Maguindanao is spoken. The methodology follows a philological and linguistic approach, centered on the analysis of Arabic terms and expressions found in Juanmartí’s dictionary. Arabic equivalents are identified, and where relevant, comparisons are made regarding their usage in both Maguindanao and Arabic. Findings reveal a significant presence of Arabic loanwords in Maguindanao, many of which retain meanings close to their original forms. While religious terminology is most prevalent, numerous terms also relate to daily life, social customs, personal traits, ethical values, and belief systems—underscoring the profound cultural influence of Islam within the Maguindanao community.