A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the improvement in Sports Injury with the help of Traditional Chinese Methods versus Pharmacological Agents

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices, including acupuncture, cupping therapy, and phytotherapy, compared to pharmacological agents (PAs) such as NSAIDs, opioids, and corticosteroids in managing sports-related injuries. The study aims to assess recovery outcomes, safety, and regulatory compliance. A systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, and ClinicalTrials.gov identified 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 844 participants (424 TCM, 420 PA). The meta-analysis revealed TCM interventions demonstrated significant superiority in improving sports injury outcomes (SMD = -1.16, 95% CI: -1.81 to -0.50, p = 0.0005), despite high heterogeneity (I² = 94.4%). TCM showed comparable or better recovery times, fewer adverse effects, and lower risks of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)’s Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADVRs) compared to PAs. However, methodological limitations, including lack of blinding, suggest cautious interpretation. TCM presents a promising alternative or complementary approach for sports injury management, warranting further rigorous research.