Impact of an Educational Intervention on Laboratory Technicians’ Knowledge of HIV Screening in the Northern Borders Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Ensuring the accuracy of HIV screening in blood banks is essential for maintaining transfusion safety and preventing transfusion-transmitted infections. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to improve HIV-related knowledge among laboratory technicians in the Central Blood Bank of the Northern Borders Region of Saudi Arabia. A quantitative descriptive design was employed, using a structured questionnaire administered before and after a targeted training program. Thirty laboratory technicians participated, completing assessments covering HIV transmission, diagnostic methods, quality assurance procedures, and biosafety practices. Paired t-test analysis demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in knowledge following the intervention, with mean scores increasing from 11.07 to 14.00 (p < 0.001). Effect size calculations indicated a large practical impact (Cohen’s d = 0.842), and internal consistency of the instrument improved from α = 0.762 pre-intervention to α = 0.794 post-intervention. Descriptive and frequency analyses revealed notable reductions in misconceptions related to the diagnostic window period, rapid test identification, test sensitivity, and WHO/UNAIDS testing strategies. The findings underscore the critical role of structured, continuous training in enhancing laboratory competency, standardizing testing practices, and reinforcing quality assurance within HIV screening services. Implementing routine, evidence-based educational programs can strengthen national blood safety systems and support alignment with international standards for HIV testing and transfusion safety.