Exploring the Impact of TikTok on Second-Language Vocabulary Acquisition: Benefits, Challenges, and Learner Perceptions

Abstract

While recent studies have explored the effectiveness of TikTok in second-language (L2) vocabulary acquisition in Western contexts, there remains a significant gap in research on its impact within higher education settings in the Middle East. Addressing this gap, the present study examines the role of TikTok in L2 vocabulary acquisition at the University of Bisha, a higher education institution in Saudi Arabia. This research investigates TikTok’s effectiveness as a vocabulary-learning tool, focusing on its influence on learners’ ability to acquire new words, improve spelling and pronunciation, and develop practical language skills. Findings indicate that students who engage with TikTok daily or are regularly exposed to English-language content acquire vocabulary more effectively than those relying on traditional learning methods. Furthermore, learners who watch TikTok videos in English or with subtitles exhibit accelerated vocabulary acquisition while simultaneously enhancing their pronunciation and spelling skills. The study highlights TikTok’s role in providing exposure to authentic language, including slang, idiomatic expressions, and conversational English, which enhances the relevance of vocabulary learning to real-world communication. Quantitative data reveal that 99% of students reported significant improvements in vocabulary acquisition through TikTok, while only 1% reported minimal learning gains. Despite its pedagogical advantages, challenges such as distractions, misinformation, and overexposure to informal language were identified. However, TikTok’s multimodal and interactive features, such as short-form videos, personalized recommendations, and contextual reinforcement, support vocabulary retention. While concerns regarding content accuracy and structured learning persist, the findings suggest that TikTok serves as a valuable supplementary tool for incidental vocabulary learning. Future research should explore its long-term effects, compare its effectiveness with other digital learning platforms, and develop strategies for integrating it into formal language instruction while mitigating its challenges.