The Expansion, Popularity, and Status of Dari Persian Language in India

Abstract

Dari Persian language beginning is considered to have arrived in India almost a thousand years ago when Sultan Mahmud made attacks in the Indian subcontinent. Farsi opened its way in India and gradually took place in the depth of Indian culture; the Persian language became the only language of communication, the language of understanding, the language of education, and the university language of India. Orators, intellectuals, and statesmen wrote their works in the sweet Dari Farsi language. The fact is that after the arrival of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi to India, the Dari Persian language took a special place in the field of Indian literature and culture. This land became a great place for the publication of Dari Persian language literary works. The study of Indian literature and philosophy attracted scholars such as Abu Rihan Al-Biruni, who had entered this land with Sultan Mahmud and authored the research books of Mulland, Athar al-Baqiyyah, and Al-Tafhim Lawael Sanat Tanjim. Sultan Mahmud from the year 416-392 AH. He traveled to India seventeen times, and every time, many scholars, poets, and writers such as Eleni Balkhi, Farrokhi Sistani, and some others accompanied him. Because the sultan loved the Dari Persian language, the poets and writers of this language in India gathered at his court. From that date onwards, the Dari Persian language spread in India, and the literary and cultural centers were transferred from Khorasan to India. This spread and disseminated Khorasani literature and culture significantly, and as a result, the Dari Persian works became the most popular. These centers included Lahore, Delhi, Bengal, Deccan, Multan, and Kashmir.