Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Seed Rates on Growth and Yield of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) in Kunduz, Afghanistan

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted on the Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and seed rates on the growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) at the Farm of the agriculture faculty of Kunduz University during the spring season of 2023 to determine the optimum rates of phosphorus fertilizer and seed rates for maximum yield of common bean in the northeast of Afghanistan (Kunduz province). The treatment consists of three phosphorus levels (0kgP₂O₅ha^-1, 40kgP₂O₅ha^-1 and 80kgP₂O₅ha^-1) and four combined seed rates (125 kgha^-1, 150 kgha^-1, 175 kgha^-1 and 200 kg ha^-1) laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that phosphorus levels and different seed rates significantly affected on growth,  yield attributes and yield of common bean on plant height, Leaf area/plant (cm²), Brunches/plant, Root dry weight/plant(g),  Nodules/pant, No. of notes/plant, Pods/plant, Seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield/plant(g) and Grain Yield t/ha, the highest plant height (44.10cm), Leaf area/plant (217.18cm²), Brunches/plant(11.75), Root dry weight/plant (2.282g),  Nodules/pant (12.16),  Leaves/plant (47.833), No. of notes/plant (7.88), Pods/plant (16.98), Seeds/pod (6.97), 100 seed weight(34.536), seed yield/plant(8.83g) and Grain Yield (2.20t/ha) was in treatments 80kgP₂O₅ha^-1 respectively. Seed rates were also significantly affected in treatment 200 kg ha^-1 except for harvest index; all other yield attributes and yield was significant; the highest yield attributes and yield was in seed rate 200 kg ha^-1. Thus 80kgP₂O₅ha^-1with 200 kg ha^-1 was found to be the best combination under northeast of Afghanistan agro-ecology as it gave higher values for yield and most yield related traits.