Physicochemical Charastaristics of Leather Goat Quality from less Tanning Process

Abstract

This research is to determine the percentage of chromium and the type of solvent in terms of the physicochemical quality of wet blue and leather from the waterless tanning process. This research was carried out from November 2021 to February 2022 at the Laboratory of the Yogyakarta Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastics. The research method used was a Nested Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2-factor nested patterns, Factor 1 is percentage of chromium (A = 3%, B = 4% and C = 5%) and factor 2 namely different types of solvents (L1 = Water, L2 = Ethanol and L3 = acetone) with 3 replications. The materials used in this study were Etawa crossbreed goat skin and chromium, and the type of solvents was water, ethanol, and acetone. The variables observed were the physicochemical quality of the finished leather (stricter strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture content, total chromium, ash content, fat content, and pH). The data obtained from the results of the research were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) if there were significantly different results obtained, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). On the physicochemical quality of the finished leather (leather), the results of this study showed that the type of solvent had a very significant difference (P < 0.01) in the physicochemical quality of the leather except for pH. The percentage of chromium nested in the type of solvent showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) in the quality of the finished leather. Based on the results of the research, the percentage of chromium nested in the type of solvent was about SNI 2981:2009; from this study, it can be concluded that Phase I research had the physicochemical quality of finished leather with an average stricter strength of 14.40 N/ cm2, tensile strength 15.40 N/cm2, elongation at break 54.32%, water content 4.76%, total chromium 3.64%, ash content 4.62%, fat content 2.44% and pH 4.41.