Industry 5.0: Human-Centric Manufacturing for Sustainable and Intelligent Production Systems

Abstract

Industry 5.0 has become a revolutionizing manufacturing paradigm which goes further from the automation-oriented strategy of Industry 4.0 by putting human welfare, sustainability, and resilience at the core of intelligent production systems. Instead of replacing humans with autonomous technologies, Industry 5.0 aims at collaboration between humans and intelligent digital technologies for better productivity, agility, and sustainable value creation. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of human-centric manufacturing and explores its importance in creating sustainable and intelligent production systems. The principles of Industry 5.0 are discussed, and the roles played by the major enabling technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), cobots, Digital Twins, IIoT, Big Data Analytics, AR, VR, and Edge–Cloud Computing are analyzed. The applications of the mentioned technologies to the main manufacturing industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, additive manufacturing, medical devices, and food processing are thoroughly reviewed. In addition, the key implementation issues connected to cybersecurity, workforce competency, interoperability, ethical AI, and technology adoption, as well as promising research opportunities are identified. A conceptual framework based on the reviewed literature, combining the principles of human-centric manufacturing, enabling technologies, intelligent manufacturing processes, and sustainable production outcomes, is developed. It can be used to guide the implementation of the Industry 5.0.