Generative AI and IoT-Driven Autonomous Manufacturing Ecosystems Transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0

Abstract

There are ongoing significant changes happening in the manufacturing sector due to fast-moving digital innovation. The introduction of the concept of smart manufacturing in the Industry 4.0 model happened due to the integration of the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, robotics, and big data analytics. Nonetheless, there are a number of drawbacks in conventional Industry 4.0 systems, such as low adaptability, a lack of human-focused collaboration, security issues, and dependency on existing automation schemes. Therefore, it is evident that Industry 5.0 is coming into play. This paper explores the potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in creating autonomous manufacturing systems and facilitating the shift from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0. The use of Generative AI provides functionalities including autonomous decision-making, dynamic production planning, process optimization using artificial intelligence, and product design aided by artificial intelligence, whereas IoT offers features such as data gathering in real-time, machine connectivity, predictive maintenance, and decentralized communication in manufacturing systems. A conceptual and literature-based research approach is used in this paper to examine the current trends in smart manufacturing technologies and present a framework for the integration of Industry 5.0 manufacturing systems. Human-AI cooperation, intelligent automation, and sustainability are emphasized as important components in the future of manufacturing. The presented framework shows how Generative AI and IoT can transform the smart factory into an intelligent, autonomous, and sustainable manufacturing system.