Genome Sequence Analysis of Beta Coronavirus by Applying Bioinformatics Tools

Abstract

The global pandemic crisis caused COVID-19 a disease with an alarming rate of human morbidity and case fatality produced by the currently emerging pathogen of SARS-CoV-2. The increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genome sequencing has given us an idea to perform and utilize genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this particular family of viruses. These help us to understand the pathogenesis, animal origin, and mode of transmission of coronaviruses and have been used to tackle outbreaks caused by emerging, highly pathogenic, betacoronavirus strains, particularly emphasizing on SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV2 for comparing biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of proteins or the nucleotides of RNA and/or DNA sequences. There have been identified more than 7,000 complete genome entries uploaded to Nucleotide/NCBI databases from the Coronaviridae family in the middle of 2002–2020, more than half of them are being SARS-CoV-2 and it is increasing in analogous to the expansion of sequencing technology. The BLASTP algorithm compares the protein database sequence with the query protein. FASTA produces a local alignment score in the compassion of the query sequence to every sequence in the database. Multiple sequence alignment residues provide comparative structure and functional analysis of biological sequences which often leads to fundamental biological insight into sequence-structure-function relationships of nucleotide or protein sequence families. Open reading frame indicates the protein-coding region in an RNA sequence with useful insight into genome structure and organization as well as the evolution of species. The contributions of bioinformatics for the planning and development of new drugs and the analysis of already known compounds support the search for safer and more effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2 infection.