Investigation of Students' Perceptions of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Writing Assignments

Abstract

This study examines the use of ChatGPT in three dimensions. First, it explores the purposes for which English language learners use the generative pre-trained model ChatGPT. Second, it examines the perceived positive and negative impacts on students when utilising this AI-powered tool to write their assignments. Third, it investigates instructors' perceptions of the positive and negative impacts of students who utilise this chatbot in writing assignments. The study focuses on higher education students majoring in English language and instructors who teach English language in higher education institutions. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The first data collection method involved distributing a questionnaire to 50 students majoring in English language studies, with three types of questions: introductory items, Likert-scale, and open-ended questions, to answer the first and second research questions. For the third question, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with ten instructors. Findings revealed that students primarily use ChatGPT to clarify concepts and summarise information. Additionally, students' responses showed a positive attitude towards utilising this AI-based tool in writing assignments. In the open-ended questions, students frequently reported that ChatGPT enriched their grammar and vocabulary and enhanced the cohesion of their composition. However, overdependence on automated assistance in writing was found to be a concern for the majority of participants. Students showed a raised awareness of the potential drawbacks of over-relying on AI technology in writing, with regard to hindering critical thinking, information privacy, plagiarism, and ethical considerations. Instructors, on the other hand, demonstrated different attitudes; the majority agreed on integrating AI technology in the learning process under their instructions. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance for language instructors to be familiar with AI technology and stay current with its trends, enabling them to enhance the learning experience and help students maximise the benefits of AI while avoiding its potential pitfalls.