The Role of ChatGPT in EFL Research-Paper Writing: BA and MA Students’ Use and Perceptions

Abstract

This study, the second part of a wider examination of the role of ChatGPT in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), investigates its benefits in research-paper writing among female EFL Bachelor’s (BA) and Master’s (MA) students in Saudi Arabia (SA). The study used mixed-method research through the utilization of a questionnaire that was administered to 26 BA and nine MA students and then complemented by follow-up interviews. The results indicated that ChatGPT is perceived to be valuable in research writing for both BA and MA students, for generating ideas or topics, structuring the paper, checking grammatical mistakes, paraphrasing and summarizing, drafting research-paper sections, analyzing data, and citing and referencing. While the use of ChatGPT among BA students is very high, the use among MA students indicates more careful and advanced use. Furthermore, BA students’ use of ChatGPT generally shows a broad and positive, albeit slightly dependent, attitude, whereas MA students’ use reflects a more selective and more positive attitude. BA students mainly used ChatGPT for general tasks, like idea generation, paraphrasing, grammar checking, and drafting, viewing it as a helpful and time-saving tool. On the other hand, MA students mostly used it for outlining and refining their work, viewing it as an advanced supportive tool that enhances research quality and critical thinking. Limitations to accurate output, factual information, and ethical use were amongst the most common challenges voiced by both groups. The findings indicate that training is necessary to ensure ChatGPT is integrated effectively and used efficiently, ethically, and in ways that uphold academic integrity.