Research Article

Arithmetic Enumeration of Klein-Graded Orders in a Biquadratic Field

Authors

  • Luis Alfredo Dupont García Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
  • Juan Rafael Acosta Portilla Instituto de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores Económicos y Sociales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-0752
  • Manuel Alejandro Torres Sotelo Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5646-7895

Abstract

Let K=Q(√3,√7) and O_K be its ring of integers. We classify the conductor ideals realized by the embedded Klein-graded orders R_(a,b,c)=Z⊕aZ√3⊕bZ√7⊕cZ√21, and determine the cardinality of every conductor fiber within this family. Every such conductor has the form 2t(√3)^(-ε_3 ) (√7)^(-ε_7 ) O_K, with ε_i∈{0,1} where ε_3=1 requires 3∣t and ε_7=1 requires 7∣t. Its fiber cardinality is a product of explicit local factors A(k)=1+3k(k+1)/2, B_0 (k)=(k+1)^2, and B_1 (k)=k(k+1)/2. We prove the classification by local conductor calculations, including a perfect-pairing argument at 2. Scalar conductor fibers, index spectra, and Dirichlet series by conductor and by index follow as consequences. The enumeration concerns embedded graded orders, not all orders or isomorphism classes of orders in K.

Article information

Journal

Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies

Volume (Issue)

7 (6)

Pages

99-107

Published

2026-10-23

How to Cite

Dupont García, L. A., Acosta Portilla, J. R., & Torres Sotelo, M. A. (2026). Arithmetic Enumeration of Klein-Graded Orders in a Biquadratic Field. Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies, 7(6), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.32996/jmss.2026.7.6.12

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Keywords:

biquadratic number field; Klein grading; conductor ideals; conductor fibers; local enumeration; Dirichlet series.

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