Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies (ISSN: 2663-7197) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, monthly, open-access monthly journal published by Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development. It publishes high-quality articles across the breadth of humanities and social sciences research. With its uniquely broad coverage, all articles are free to access across the globe, allowing authors to share their research and maximise its impact. The journal is led by expert international editorial board members who take an objective approach to peer review, ensuring each research paper is reviewed and evaluated on its own scholarly merits and research integrity. Publishing your work in the Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies means you will receive prompt and reliable publishing and a global platform for your research to reach its full potential.
Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development
The Sale of Carrion in Islamic Jurisprudence
In Islamic jurisprudence, transactions and commercial exchanges are among the most important means of fulfilling material needs and organizing economic relationships within society. Islam emphasizes lawful earnings and regards legitimate trade as a means of promoting cooperation and social welfare. However, Islamic law prohibits the sale and purchase of certain forbidden objects and unlawful commodities in order to preserve public interests and prevent corruption. This prohibition is based on religious texts and established juristic principles aimed at safeguarding religion, intellect, life, and public morality. The study of the sale of carrion (maytah) demonstrates that the legitimacy of transactions in Islam depends upon the lawfulness of the subject matter, the existence of a permissible benefit, and the avoidance of harm and corruption. Therefore, understanding the limits and regulations governing such transactions plays a significant role in explaining the Islamic economic system and guiding Muslims toward lawful business practices while avoiding invalid and prohibited transactions.
Islam, Sale of Carrion, Islamic Jurisprudence, Fiqh, Maytah
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Judicial Oversight in Adjudicating the Preparatory Phase of the Parliamentary Election Process Related to the Preparation of Voter Lists: A Comparative Study
The Jordanian legislator seeks through laws and regulations to create a general and democratic atmosphere, in which the citizen participates in political decision-making and through parliamentary representation, and the parliamentary elections are considered the highest form of democracy, and the electoral process passes through several stages, starting from the stages of preparation, represented by the stage of preparing voters' lists, the stage of submitting candidacy applications, through the stage of electoral advertising, and up to the final and decisive stages represented by the stage of voting, counting, and announcing the final results of the parliamentary elections. All stages of the electoral process depend on the integrity and accuracy of the voters' rolls, which is the basic building block and starting point of the electoral process, and accordingly, this study aimed to identify the role exercised by judicial control in adjudicating electoral crimes related to the preparatory stage of the electoral process, represented by the stage of preparing the registration of voters' rolls, which limits the integrity and transparency of the electoral process, and to compare the legislation and texts related to how judicial control deals with electoral crimes according to the French and Egyptian legislators The study relied on descriptive and comparative methods to reach the results of the study and several recommendations, including: not increasing the penalties against those who tamper with the voters' rolls due to the fact that this type of crime affects the integrity and transparency of the electoral process, and applying full judicial supervision over all procedures and stages of the electoral process, which ensures the safety of the outputs of the electoral process and provides legal protection to voters.
Judicial Control, Electoral Crimes, Voter Rolls
Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence as a Methodology for Building Higher-Order Thinking Skills: A Contemporary Educational Perspective
This study aimed to explore the relationship between Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and the science of Usul al-Fiqh (Islamic legal theory), and to examine the potential of employing the cognitive and methodological processes embedded in usuli reasoning to develop higher-order thinking skills among learners. The study was based on the assumption that Usul al-Fiqh is not merely a discipline concerned with regulating the derivation of legal rulings from their detailed evidences; rather, it represents an integrated epistemological framework that encompasses higher-level cognitive processes corresponding to the skills emphasized in contemporary educational literature. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical method through analyzing educational literature related to higher-order thinking skills, examining the epistemological and methodological structure of Usul al-Fiqh, and identifying the functional correspondences between higher-order cognitive skills and usuli procedures. The study focused on five major skills: analytical thinking, critical thinking, evaluative thinking and decision-making/problem-solving, strategic and foresight thinking, and creative thinking, while highlighting the corresponding usuli mechanisms and their potential educational applications. The findings revealed clear cognitive and functional intersections between higher-order thinking skills and the mechanisms of usuli reasoning. Issues such as semantic analysis, analogical reasoning (qiyas), verification of the operative cause (tahqiq al-manat), and legal causation (ta‘lil) embody advanced forms of analytical thinking. Meanwhile, methods such as elimination and classification (al-sabr wa al-taqsim), objection, and preference (tarjih) represent applications of critical and evaluative thinking. Discussions of legal consequences (ma’alat) and blocking the means (sadd al-dhara’i‘) reflect strategic and foresight thinking, whereas ijtihad, public interest reasoning (istislah), and refinement of the operative cause (takhrij al-manat) contribute to the development of creative thinking and the generation of solutions for contemporary issues. The study concluded that Usul al-Fiqh constitutes a rich epistemological and methodological framework that can be utilized to develop higher-order thinking skills, thereby contributing to the improvement of educational curricula and teaching practices while promoting integration between the Islamic intellectual heritage and contemporary educational requirements.
Usul al-Fiqh, Usuli Thinking, Higher-Order Thinking Skills, Islamic Education
Non-Discrimination between Refugees in the International Refugees Law
he principle of non-discrimination between refugees is one of the fundamental pillars of the international Refugees Law, as it aims to preserve their human dignity and promote respect for human rights, thereby contributing to achieving justice and establishing peaceful coexistence in societies.The rights enjoyed by refugees under international conventions are legal obligations incumbent upon host states, foremost among them the right to non-discrimination. International Refugees law rejects any form of discrimination against refugees based on race, religion, or country of origin. The principle of non-discrimination is a fundamental principle of the international refugees law, although it is not a customary rule binding on all states. Its application is limited to host states that have ratified the conventions governing refugees. Nevertheless, this right constitutes the core of international refugee protection, as its absence renders the right to refugee meaningless and ineffective.
Nondiscrimination between Refugees, Host State, Refugees, The United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951
The Effectiveness of Blended Learning Modality to Grade V Learners
This research assessed the effectiveness of blended learning on Grade 5 learners’ academic performance at an elementary school in Cebu City during the school year 2022-2023 as the basis for intervention activities. A descriptive correlational research design was employed using a self-developed questionnaire anchored in the community inquiry theory. The respondents were the Grade 5 learners selected using random sampling. The gathered data were treated using simple percentages, weighted mean, and Pearson product-moment correlation. Based on the study's findings, the learner-respondents have a large family size, have internet access, have 1 to 2 gadgets at home, and have parents with a combined monthly income below 5000 pesos. On the other hand, the profile of the teacher-respondents showed that the majority have taught for 5 years or less, hold bachelor’s degrees, and have 3-4 gadgets at home. Furthermore, the blended learning modality was perceived as very effective by the teachers, but only effective for both parents and learners. It was found that there were significant differences and a significant relationship between parents' and learners' assessments of the effectiveness of the blended learning modality. It is recommended that the action plan be adopted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salvador R. Tubo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Local Media in the Power Vortex of PIK 2: A Hierarchy of Influences Analysis
The development of Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2) on the northern coast of Banten as a National Strategic Project (PSN) has generated various social and environmental concerns, particularly among traditional fishing communities. In this context, local media serve as an important space for articulating public grievances, aspirations, and interests. This study critically examines the news production process surrounding the PIK 2 megaproject in two local newspapers, Banten Pos and Radar Banten, using the Hierarchy of Influences (HoI) framework. This study adopts a critical paradigm with a qualitative approach and a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five informants consisting of editors-in-chief/media leaders, editors, and journalists. In addition, document analysis of PIK 2 news archives published between 2020 and 2024 was used as supporting data. The collected data were analyzed thematically based on the five levels of the HoI framework. Data trustworthiness was strengthened through source triangulation and methodological triangulation. The findings show that, at the individual level, journalists’ professional experience, along with their geographical and social proximity to coastal issues, strengthened their sensitivity in reporting. At the media routines level, there was a constant negotiation between the demand for rapid daily news production and the need for more in-depth investigative reporting. At the organizational level, gatekeeping was carried out rigorously to anticipate legal risks and potential social tensions. At the extra-media level, external pressure did not appear in the form of overt censorship, but operated through soft pressure that encouraged newsrooms to exercise greater caution in assessing reporting risks. At the ideological level, local media had to engage with a developmentalist discourse that emphasized investment and economic growth. Nevertheless, Banten Pos and Radar Banten continued to provide space for the voices of fishermen and affected coastal communities. This study concludes that local journalistic practices in Banten are shaped by the tension between professional idealism, the media’s social control function, and strong structural constraints rooted in local economic and political relations.
local media, PIK 2, Hierarchy of Influences, investigative journalism, critical communication
The Interpretative Jurisdiction of Constitutional Courts: A Comparative Study Between the Iraqi and Jordanian Models
This current study aims to reveal the interpretative power of constitutional courts (using the Iraqi and Jordanian models as examples for comparative analysis). The study employs descriptive analysis and comparative methods. Several conclusions are drawn, the most significant being that Article 93/2 of the 2005 Iraqi Constitution grants the Federal Supreme Court the power to interpret the constitutional text. The 2004 Iraqi Transitional Administrative Law (later repealed by Article 44) defines the Federal Supreme Court's jurisdiction in two areas: adjudicating disputes between the federal government and regional, provincial, municipal, and local administrative bodies, and reviewing constitutional cases. Other jurisdictional powers of the court are explicitly defined by subsequent laws. In the Jordanian model, the legislature explicitly granted the constitutional court the power to interpret the constitutional text in the 2011 constitutional amendment. This study recommends a comprehensive review of the relevant provisions of Iraqi Federal Supreme Court Law No. (30) of 2005, which clearly lacks explicit provisions on the interpretation of the constitutional text. This oversight has led some legal scholars to question the legal nature of the current Federal Supreme Court.
Interpretive jurisdiction of constitutional courts, Iraqi model, Jordanian model, comparative study
Public Communication Gaps in Banten’s Sarjana Penggerak Desa Program
The 2025 Sarjana Penggerak Desa Program is one of the policy initiatives of the Banten Provincial Government designed to accelerate rural development by strengthening human resource capacity at the village level. This article examines the communication process of the Banten Provincial Government in implementing the program. The analysis focuses on the communication channels used and on how village governments and program beneficiaries interpret the policy messages delivered through the program. This study employs a qualitative approach with a single case study design and is grounded in a social constructivist paradigm. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis. The informants included provincial government actors, technical implementing agencies, village government officials, and program beneficiaries. The data were analyzed thematically using Phil Jones’ strategic communication perspective, particularly in relation to audience orientation, message consistency, communication channel selection, and feedback mechanisms. The findings reveal a meaning gap in the implementation of the Sarjana Penggerak Desa Program. The provincial government positions the program as a strategic investment in village human resource development. Some village actors, however, understand it mainly as an administrative responsibility, while beneficiaries tend to perceive it as financial support for education. This difference in interpretation emerges because the communication pattern remains largely hierarchical and administrative. Policy messages flow from the provincial government to technical agencies, then move through district and subdistrict levels before reaching village governments as the main intermediaries. Formal documents, technical guidelines, WhatsApp-based coordination, face-to-face meetings, and social media help maintain procedural clarity in program implementation. Nevertheless, these channels have not fully developed a shared understanding among stakeholders. This article concludes that the effectiveness of policy communication cannot be assessed only by whether information has been delivered. It must also be measured by the extent to which communication builds shared meaning, community ownership, and public participation. Therefore, rural development programs require a more participatory, audience-oriented, and dialogic communication model to support their long-term sustainability.
public communication, strategic communication, meaning gap, Sarjana Penggerak Desa, rural development, social constructivism
Factors Affecting Gold Prices in Global Markets: Why is the Investment in Gold Safe?
The study aimed to analyze Factors affecting gold prices in global markets, and why is the investment in gold safe? The research method applied in this study is a literature review, the qualitative approach that was designed to delve into the problem of the study through journals. Secondary sources for the study were books, articles and agency reports. In this essay, the literature of the supply and demand of gold, interest rate on US bonds, inflation and financial market uncertainty are critically reviewed. The study concluded that: Factors affecting the demand for gold and its price are: gold prices in foreign currencies set by central banks, particularly interest rates on the US dollar set by the Federal Reserve, the volume of demand for gold by central banks, due to the stability, and there are continued rise in global gold prices, despite the risks associated with investing in gold, such as price volatility, and Gold and the US dollar are seen as having an inverse relationship. The study concluded an investor is supposed to diversify his investments by dividing them into three sections, for example: the first section is gold, the second section is cash in banks, and the third section is diversified investments (real assets and financial assets).
Gold, Safe Investment, International monetary system, Central bank, US Dollar, Geopolitical risks, Global markets
Truth between Objectivity and Humanism: An Interdisciplinary Study of Einstein and Tagore
In the intellectual history of the twentieth century, the relationship between wisdom and literature has surfaced as a significant field of interdisciplinary conversation. This paper focuses on the major dialogue between Albert Einstein and Rabindranath Tagore, assaying questions of verity, mortal knowledge, and epistemology in the environment of their exchange. Their discussion, held in Berlin in 1930, was not simply an exchange of ideas between two great minds, but a profound philosophical debate on fustiness, humanism, and the nature of knowledge and the Relation among Tagore, Einstein and France. This paper critical lyre-reads that dialogue; particularly in terms of relative verity versus humanistic verity, scientific reality versus aesthetic perception, and the conflict and conflation between Eastern and Western traditions of knowledge.
Concept of Truth between objectivity and Humanism, Dialogue between Eastern and Western traditions of knowledge, Interdisciplinary study between Science & Literature and Einstein & Rabindranath Tagore, Relation among Tagore, Einstein and France
The Degree to Which Fear of Missing Out Contributes to Predicting Digital Well-being Among University of Jordan Students
The current study aimed to identify the extent to which fear of missing out contributes to predicting digital well-being among students at the University of Jordan. A descriptive-analytical approach was used. The study sample consisted of (380) students (male and female) selected randomly. The Fear of Missing Out Scale and the Digital Well-being Scale were administered, and their psychometric properties were determined. The results showed that the levels of both fear of missing out and digital well-being were moderate. The study also demonstrated that fear of missing out has a predictive power for digital well-being, and that there is an negative relationship between the two variables.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saja Nazzal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cases of Delay in the Performance of Contractual Obligations under the Jordanian Civil Code and the Moroccan Code of Obligations and Contracts
Delay in the performance of contractual obligations is a fundamental issue in contract law due to its implications for contractual liability, legal certainty, and the principle of good faith. Despite its importance, comparative studies examining both debtor delay and creditor delay within Arab civil law systems remain limited. This study comparatively analyzes the legal framework governing delay under the Jordanian Civil Code and the Moroccan Code of Obligations and Contracts, focusing on the circumstances giving rise to delay, the role of notice, and the legal consequences of delayed performance. The study adopts a doctrinal comparative methodology based on descriptive, analytical, critical, and comparative approaches, drawing upon legislative provisions, judicial decisions, and legal scholarship. The findings reveal that both legal systems treat delay as a form of unjustified non-performance aimed at protecting contractual stability and legitimate expectations. However, they differ in the procedural requirements for establishing delay, particularly regarding the role of notice. The analysis further demonstrates that both systems recognize creditor delay as an independent legal institution arising from unjustified refusal, silence, absence, or failure to cooperate in performance. The study contributes to comparative contract law by providing an integrated analysis of debtor and creditor delay within two influential Arab civil law systems. It highlights the central role of good faith in regulating delayed performance and offers insights for enhancing legal certainty, judicial consistency, and legislative reform in the law of contractual obligations.
Delay, Contractual Obligation, Non-Performance of Obligations, Jordanian Civil Code, Moroccan Code of Obligations and Contracts
Copyright (c) 2026 Abeer Hamoud Al-Rawahna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teaching Practices and Innovations for the "Financial Analysis" Course under the Background of New Liberal Arts Education Development
As a core course in the financial management program, Financial Analysis has long faced persistent challenges: overly foundational content, monotonous teaching methods, superficial integration of ideological education, and limited assessment approaches. Guided by the Ministry of Education's New Liberal Arts Initiative, the research team repositioned the course to cultivate well-rounded professionals with the ability to solve complex problems, coupled with strong ethical integrity, self-directed learning skills, teamwork capabilities, and communication proficiency. Through innovative measures-including forming study groups, restructuring teaching content, diversifying instructional activities, implementing the “ABC” teaching model, and refining the course evaluation system-significant improvements were achieved in student learning outcomes, teaching effectiveness, and program development. These enhancements demonstrate strong potential for broader implementation. Key words: New Liberal Arts Construction, Learning Group, ABC Teaching Model, Teaching Innovation and Practice As a core course in the financial management program, Financial Analysis holds a central position within the curriculum and represents the most comprehensive professional discipline.However, persistent "pain points" have long plagued this course, severely undermining the quality of talent cultivation. Against the backdrop of China's educational reform, it is imperative to align with the guidelines of the "New Liberal Arts" initiative to systematically restructure the curriculum and continuously advance teaching reform and innovation. This endeavor aims to facilitate the transformation of traditional financial professionals into high-level, intelligent talents. The research team is committed to consolidating students' foundational theories, methodologies, and data application capabilities in financial analysis. Adhering to the principle of "moral education first," we have implemented a series of innovative measures to enhance students' comprehensive abilities in identifying, analyzing, and solving problems, thereby fostering proactive learning, teamwork, and communication skills.
New Liberal Arts Construction, Learning Group, ABC Teaching Model, Teaching Innovation and Practice
Copyright (c) 2026 Qi'an Zhong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multiple Intelligences Levels among Students at the Gifted School in Misan Governorate
Recognizing multiple intelligences is of highly importance and a successful approach to educational management by encouraging students to utilize their unique and diverse intelligences. This helps to address individual differences among learners, which adds a new dimension to education. This study aims to identify the levels of multiple intelligences among students of the Gifted Schools in Misan Governorate. It also aims to determine statistically significant differences at the (0.05) level in multiple intelligences among gifted students based on gender. The research sample consisted of 31 students from the academic year 2025-2026. The Multiple Intelligences Scale (Walter McKenzie, 2000) was applied. The results showed the presence of all types of multiple intelligences in varying proportions among both genders. The results also revealed a statistically significant difference in Musical intelligence, favoring females. Based on this, the researcher offers several recommendations and suggestions.
Multiple Intelligences, Gifted Students, Gifted schools
Assessing the Behavioral Disorders and Social Skills of the Learners with Special Educational Needs
Learners with Special Educational Needs (LSENs) often experience challenges in managing their behavior and interacting with others, which can affect their learning, relationships, and overall development. This study sought to explore behavioral disorders, social skills, and their relationship among learners with special needs in Talisay City and Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines. Using a descriptive correlational approach, researchers collected data via structured surveys completed by convenience-sampled parents from three designated schools. The study examined student demographics, parent-reported behavioral traits, social skill development, and the connection between behavior and social abilities. Findings indicated that most participants were male, aged 5–12, with one to two siblings, from low-income families, and had parents who were mostly college graduates. While behavioral issues and social skills were generally observed, some challenges appeared, particularly in emotional regulation and complex play. No significant link was found between overall behavioral disorders and social skills. However, limitations in the study design prevent firm conclusions. The demographic insights and varying needs highlight the importance of comprehensive, evidence-based strategies that address behavioral and emotional development, family support, and individualized interventions. The study recommends improving future research by using broader samples and additional informants and proposes a matrix-style intervention framework to support learners with special needs better.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rowella Jane G. Labajo, Shiena Marie C. Autida, Michelle G. Resuento https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the Integration Path of Red Family Letters into the Cultivation of College Students’ National Sentiment
Red family letters represent a microcosmic history of the Chinese Communist Party and a vivid national history. Forged with the blood and deep affection of revolutionary forebears, they embody the ideals, convictions, family‑state responsibility, and national integrity of Chinese Communists, and constitute a valuable educational resource for cultivating college students’ national sentiment. As a core competency for college students, the cultivation of national sentiment requires the synergistic effort of emotion, cognition, and practice. From the perspective of the internal logic, red family letters can touch the heart through family narratives, evoke emotional resonance, reinforce rational identity with ideals and convictions, and stimulate action through role models, thereby achieving the unity of knowledge and action. In terms of the current reality of higher education, the integration of red family letters into college students’ national sentiment cultivation faces four mismatches: emphasis on stock rather than incremental supply, emphasis on transmission rather than acquisition, emphasis on indoctrination rather than internalization, and emphasis on theory rather than practice. Accordingly, efforts should be made in five aspects – deepening cognition, enhancing capacity, innovating forms, enriching carriers, and optimizing mechanisms – to construct targeted practical pathways for integrating red family letters into the cultivation of college students’ national sentiment, thereby providing theoretical references and practical guidance for colleges and universities during the 15th Five‑Year Plan period in fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtue and strengthening national sentiment education.
Red family letters; college students; national sentiment; pathway research
Semiotic Construction of Website Images of Chinese and Australian Memorial from the Perspective of Visual Grammar
Memorial are cultural institutions that preserve historical memory and convey national identity through visual symbols. Adopting a qualitative research approach, this study analyzes the web-page images of the Site of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Australian War Memorial within the theoretical framework of Visual Grammar (VG) proposed by Kress and van Leeuwen. The findings are as follows: Regarding representational meaning, the Chinese website prioritizes transactional reaction processes and symbolic processes to forge direct ideological connections, whereas the Australian website favors non-transactional reactions and classificational processes to encourage individual interpretation and factual clarity; Concerning interactive meaning, the Chinese website employs high-modality colors and high-angle perspectives to evoke emotional resonance and position viewers as inheritors of historical responsibility, while the Australian website uses low-modality colors and eye-level angles to foster introspective reflection and egalitarian dialogue; In terms of compositional meaning, the Chinese website adopts vertical layouts and implicit framing through color contrast to reinforce hierarchical narrative flow, whereas the Australian website utilizes horizontal given-new layouts and explicit framing lines to support step-by-step explanatory logic. Theoretically, this study extends the application of VG to semiotic construction of website images of memorials. Practically, it provides a reference for optimizing the website design of memorials across different cultural contexts.
visual grammar; multimodal discourse; cultural communication
Copyright (c) 2026 Fei Guo, Xin Tong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Marketing Communication Strategy of MSMEs Through Instagram: An Analysis of the Circular Model of SOME and Marketing Communication Mix in Rhamala Vazha Indonesia
This study examines the implementation of digital marketing communication strategies by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), focusing on Rhamala Vazha Indonesia through its Instagram account, @rhamalahijabku. The research aims to analyze how digital communication is managed using the Circular Model of SOME and the marketing communication mix framework. A qualitative descriptive method with a post-positivist paradigm is employed to explore the phenomenon in depth. Data were collected through online observation and in-depth interviews with relevant informants, including business owners and digital media administrators. The findings indicate that Instagram serves as the primary platform for delivering marketing messages, building brand identity, and fostering interaction with consumers. The implementation of the Circular Model of SOME demonstrates a systematic and sustainable communication process through the stages of share, optimize, manage, and engage. In addition, the marketing communication mix is applied comprehensively, integrating advertising, sales promotion, events and experiences, public relations, interactive marketing, mobile marketing, direct marketing, and personal selling within a unified digital ecosystem. The study concludes that the success of digital marketing communication in MSMEs is not solely determined by the use of social media platforms but by the strategic ability to manage content, understand audience behavior, and integrate communication elements effectively. This research contributes to the development of digital marketing communication studies, particularly in the context of MSMEs utilizing social media as a primary marketing tool.
Digital Marketing Communication, social media, Instagram, MSMEs, Circular Model of SOME, Marketing Communication Mix.
A Comparative Study of Aesthetics Between Ancient Greek Drama and Traditional Eastern Theatre
Ancient Greek drama and traditional Chinese opera mark respectively their supreme achievements of Western and Eastern civilizations in theatrical field. The paper conducts comparative research on their aesthetic discrepancies from three dimensions: philosophical origins, dramatic narration and theatrical aesthetics. In respect of philosophical origin, ancient Greek drama is rooted in the tradition of rationalism and conception of destiny, highlighting the conflict between individual will and inevitable fate; traditional Eastern opera, shaped by ethical edification of Confucianism and Taoist notion of unity between human and nature, prioritizes maintenance of ethical order and moderation of emotion. In terms of dramatic narration, the ancient Greek drama centers on rigorous structural principle of “Three Unities” and drastic external conflicts while evokes intense pity and fear through devices such as “Peripeteia” and “Anagnorisis”; traditional Eastern opera adopts the “point-line” narrative mode with stress on Xieyi (ideographic) expression of inner emotion and karmic moral framework. From the angle of theatrical aesthetics, ancient Greek drama pursues solemn and stunning effects from plaza performance where masked actor and chorus undertake multiple roles. Traditional Eastern opera takes virtuality, stylization and xieyi as its aesthetic core and realizes performance by “Four Skills and Five Methods”. Research affirms the creative fusion of theatrical aesthetics between East and West by Chinese and Japanese artists and the unique value of intercultural adaptations as a medium for mutual learning between civilizations.
Ancient Greek drama; Traditional Eastern opera; aesthetics; Intercultural theatre
American policy towards Austria under President Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1960)A study in diplomatic orientations and policies
The post-World War II evolution of US Austrian policy was analyzed in this study. Although it focused specifically on the Eisenhower Administration (1953-1960) as a case study of the types of conflict management in a Cold War context. The study also demonstrates that the US treated Austria as an independent and neutral state that was a positive stabilizer for Central Europe while it was not fully integrated into the Western military alliance, and the US played an important part in preserving Austria’s political independence while consolidating its neutrality, and economically and diplomatically to help establish internal stability within Austria. The result of the research indicates that, in the eyes of the US, Austria was a successful laboratory for Cold War conflict management through non-zero-sum methods, encompassing political reality with diplomatic flexibility. The research also notes that international politics are not based on rigid models or “rigid” concepts but rather on thoughtful assessments of different contexts and different state strategies.
US policy – Austria – Dwight Eisenhower – Neutrality – Treaty
Copyright (c) 2026 Tareq Khrisat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring EFL Learners’ Experiences and Strategies in Sentence Writing: A Qualitative Study
This study, Exploring EFL Learners’ Experiences and Strategies in Sentence Writing: A Qualitative Study, addresses an important yet underexplored area in second language writing research. While extensive research has focused on paragraph- and essay-level writing, sentence-level writing—particularly learners’ lived experiences and strategy use—has received comparatively limited attention in EFL contexts. Understanding how learners construct sentences is essential, as sentence-level competence forms the foundation for effective written communication. To address this gap, the present study adopted a qualitative interpretive design to explore learners’ perceptions, challenges, and strategies in sentence writing. The study was conducted at Baghlan University with 20 intermediate-level EFL learners selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, writing samples, and non-participant classroom observations, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed four major themes: persistent grammatical difficulties (e.g., verb tense and subject–verb agreement), limited vocabulary affecting idea expression, the influence of affective factors such as writing anxiety and low confidence, and the use of cognitive, metacognitive, and social strategies, including translation, modeling, planning, revising, and seeking feedback. By highlighting the interplay of linguistic, cognitive, and emotional factors, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of sentence-level writing in EFL contexts. It also underscores the need for explicit instruction, strategy-based pedagogy, and supportive learning environments to enhance learners’ writing performance.
EFL learners, sentence writing, writing strategies, grammatical difficulties, writing anxiety
Semiotic Construction of Website Images of Chinese and American Memorials from the Perspective of Visual Grammar
This study conducts a contrastive analysis of multimodal discourses on the official websites of the Memorial of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the United States Capitol from the perspective of visual grammar. It examines the construction of meaning in images, texts, and their combinations. In terms of visual grammar, aspects like interactive meaning, compositional meaning, including informational value, salience, and framing, and the role of symbolic signs are analyzed. The findings reveal both disparities and similarities in how the two memorials use multimodal elements to convey historical and cultural connotations. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of cross-cultural multimodal discourse in memorial spaces and provides practical implications for memorial website exhibition design, cultural communication, and cross-cultural understanding.
MDA, visual grammar, web-page image; memorial, semiotic construction
Copyright (c) 2026 Fei Guo, Wenrui Hu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Speaking Softly: Feminist Digital Citizenship in Campus-Based Social Media Practice
VWSM (Voice of Women’s Studies Majors) is a WeChat public account founded and run by women’s studies undergraduates at a Chinese women’s university. Drawing on the framework of digital citizenship of young people, this study conducts a thematic analysis of 312 VWSM original articles and two semi-structured interviews to examine how feminist digital citizenship is formed through the mutual reinforcement of disciplinary training and sustained writing practice. The findings identify three dimensions of this formation: knowledge translation, engagement with sensitive topics, and reflexive practice and feminist subjectivity formation, offering empirical grounding for the framework of digital citizenship of young people in the specific context of campus-based media. The depth and continuity of VWSM points to institutional embeddedness as a significant driver of feminist digital citizenship formation, one that spontaneous online participation alone is unlikely to generate.
Digital citizenship of young people, feminist media practice, women’s studies, feminist identity formation, WeChat, China
Copyright (c) 2026 Qi Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Visionary Parenting™: A Faith-Integrated, Gift-Centred Parenting Style for African Christian Parents in Western Diaspora Contexts
This paper formally introduces Visionary Parenting™ as a new, academically structured parenting style defined as: a faith-integrated, gift-centred approach in which parents function as strategic stewards of a child's God-given design, systematically discovering, developing, and deploying the child's unique gifts, temperament, and calling through four developmental phases and four relational postures, within an emotional climate of unconditional acceptance, structured guidance, and purposeful expectation. The term 'visionary' carries a threefold meaning: Parenting that operates through sight (seeing the child's Design), insight (understanding the child's unique gifts and temperament), and wisdom from God (discerning the child's calling through theological grounding). Anchored in the Hebrew exegesis of Proverbs 22:6, specifically the phrase al pi darko ('according to his way'), the framework integrates three interlocking systems: the 4Cs (Coach, Counsellor, Consultant, Champion), the 4Ds (Discover, Develop, Design, Deploy), and the 12 Laws of Parenting a Gifted Child. Drawing on a comprehensive review of over 50 named parenting styles, developmental psychology, attachment theory, strengths-based parenting research, and African diaspora scholarship, this paper identifies a critical gap in the existing literature: no current parenting style simultaneously integrates gift-centred Development, theological grounding, phased developmental sequencing from birth to adulthood, and culturally specific support for African Christian parents navigating Western diaspora contexts. Visionary Parenting is proposed as an integrative framework representing the logical next Development in parenting science: from generic developmental goals to purpose-driven, gift-centred stewardship rooted in divine Design.
Visionary Parenting, parenting styles, faith-integrated Parenting, gift-centred Development, African diaspora parenting, al pi darko, Proverbs 22:6, strengths-based Parenting, Christian Parenting, parenting framework
An Evaluation of the Use of Emerging Technology in Teaching English at the University Level in India
The current digital era has brought about a rapid advancement in technology, particularly in the areas of big data processing and artificial intelligence. This has had a profound effect on pedagogy and educational processes, including strategies for teaching and learning foreign languages (FL). In this study, a quantitative analysis delves into the realm of emerging technologies employed in teaching English at the university level in India, engaging a robust sample size of 600 participants. Employing a multifaceted approach, the study utilizes inferential statistical techniques, including t-tests and regression analysis, to discern correlations and trends within the data. Complementing this, descriptive statistics are employed to meticulously evaluate questionnaire responses, offering a holistic overview of the research landscape. With two independent variables and four dependent variables under scrutiny, the study undertakes a nuanced exploration of the interplay between technological interventions and English language education outcomes. The collected data undergoes rigorous statistical scrutiny through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), enabling a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies involved. This research not only contributes to the burgeoning field of educational technology but also holds significant implications for pedagogical practices in the Indian university context, shedding light on the potential impact of innovative approaches to English language instruction.
Quantitative analysis, T-tests, Regression analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
The Role of Judicial Oversight of Political Parties in Jordan in Light of the 2022 Constitutional Amendments
The aim of the study is to clarify the role of the judiciary in monitoring political parties in Jordan, in accordance with the Constitution of Jordan of 1952 and its amendments, and the Political Parties Act No. 7 of 2022. The problem of the study is the adequacy of judicial oversight of political parties in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The study adopted the analytical, investigative and descriptive curriculum and found insufficient judicial oversight of Jordan's political parties. It is recommended that all appeals relating to political parties be examined in administrative jurisdiction.
Judicial oversight, political parties, constitutional amendments
Research on the Rise of the "Handcrafted Economy" in the Digital Era
The inclusive development of digital technologies has spawned the "handcrafted economy", an emerging lightweight innovation format. With individuals or small teams as the main innovation subjects, it realizes the rapid implementation of creative ideas relying on artificial intelligence, flexible supply chains and digital platforms, and has become an important carrier for individual innovation and the release of micro-economic vitality in the digital era. Based on the practical characteristics of the handcrafted economy and existing research results, this paper systematically defines the core connotation and essential characteristics of the handcrafted economy, analyzes its driving mechanism from the four dimensions of supply, demand, institution and ecology, explains its epoch-making effects in activating individual innovation, optimizing market supply, reshaping innovation paradigms and highlighting humanistic values, and then reveals its practical dilemmas in product safety, intellectual property rights, individual capabilities, regulatory adaptation and commercial sustainability. Finally, it puts forward the optimization path for the high-quality development of the handcrafted economy from the perspective of the coordination of the government, platforms, individuals and the industry. The research shows that the handcrafted economy is an inevitable result of the fission of micro-innovation units empowered by digital technologies. Only through flexible regulation, ecological empowerment and capacity cultivation can it move from a short-term boom to long-term development and inject micro-power into the cultivation of new quality productive forces and high-quality economic development.
Digital era; Handcrafted economy; Individual innovation; New business format; High-quality development
Individual and Educational Factors Influencing Young People’s National Identity
This article analyzes individual and educational factors related to the expression of national identity among young people. The theoretical framework discusses how national identity in contemporary society is shaped within the context of globalization, migration, consumerism, the media, and new forms of community, and is therefore becoming increasingly multifaceted and fluid. In this article, national identity is understood as a phenomenon encompassing objective, subjective, and emotional dimensions, and its formation is influenced by both an individual’s internal self-perception and their social and cultural environment. The empirical section presents a quantitative study involving 395 ninth-grade students from Lithuanian gymnasiums. The study aimed to determine how the expression of national identity is related to gender, academic achievement, and attitudes toward school. It was found that academic achievement and a positive attitude toward school are significantly associated with a stronger expression of national identity, particularly among girls. Girls are more likely to exhibit correlations between higher academic achievement, more active participation in national activities, better knowledge of national culture, a stronger connection to their homeland, and national loyalty. In the case of boys, fewer statistically significant associations were found, but the cultural and educational aspects of school are also important to them. The study’s results suggest that school functions not only as a space for education but also as a space for cultural socialization, where young people’s national identity can be maintained and strengthened.
National identity, individual and educational factors, young people.
A Corpus Stylistic Analysis of Abdulrazak Gurnah’s Admiring Silence
Corpus stylistics, an approach integrating linguistics and stylistics, provides quantitative support for research into literary style. This study adopts a corpus stylistic methodology to construct an electronic corpus of Abdulrazak Gurnah's novel Admiring Silence, with ten contemporaneous postcolonial and migration novels as a reference corpus. With the aid of Python and AntConc, analyses of keywords and high-frequency three-word clusters are conducted. The findings show that the novel presents a stable stylistic pattern at the linguistic level: the high frequency of first-person pronouns and "I"-centered clusters sustains a narrative focused on the self-perception of the diasporic subject; the character network and cultural spatial contrasts reflected by keywords point to the protagonist's identity dilemma across two social and cultural contexts; meanwhile, the foregrounding of negative structures in clusters repeatedly reinforces the narrator's uncertainty about emotion, identity and belonging. Furthermore, the repeated appearance of politically relevant keywords and clusters embeds personal memory within the postcolonial historical context of Zanzibar, demonstrating that the narrative unfolds through the interaction of personal experience, psychological stance and historical context, thus forming an integrated narrative structure of the diasporic subject. This study deepens the understanding of Gurnah's narrative style, diasporic experience and political expression, and also illustrates the empirical value and potential applications of quantitative methods in postcolonial textual research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siyan Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Excessive Social Media Use and Its Relationship to Psychological Alienation among High School Students
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between excessive social media use and psychological alienation among high school students in Jordan, determine the levels of both variables, and identify statistically significant differences in estimates attributed to gender and academic track. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive correlational approach was adopted, and the study was conducted on a sample of (339) students. Data was collected using two scientific scales developed for this purpose: the "Excessive Social Media Use" scale, comprising three dimensions (Mental Preoccupation, Withdrawal and Anxiety, and Conflict and Deterioration of Relationships), and the "Psychological Alienation" scale, comprising three dimensions (Loss of Sense of Belonging, Loss of Purpose, and Powerlessness). Construct validity and reliability coefficients were verified for both scales. The results indicated that the level of excessive social media use among students was "moderate," while the level of psychological alienation was "high." Furthermore, the results revealed a positive, statistically significant correlation between excessive social media use and psychological alienation. Meanwhile, the two-way ANOVA results indicated no statistically significant differences in the levels of excessive social media use or psychological alienation attributed to gender or academic track. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting school counseling programs designed to enhance students' psychological and social skills, raise their awareness regarding the risks of excessive social media use, mitigate feelings of alienation, and strengthen their connection to reality.
Social Media, Psychological Alienation, High School Students
Copyright (c) 2026 Eman Hamed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0