Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies (ISSN: 2663-7197) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, monthly, open-access monthly journal published by Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development. It publishes high-quality articles across the breadth of humanities and social sciences research. With its uniquely broad coverage, all articles are free to access across the globe, allowing authors to share their research and maximise its impact. The journal is led by expert international editorial board members who take an objective approach to peer review, ensuring each research paper is reviewed and evaluated on its own scholarly merits and research integrity. Publishing your work in the Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies means you will receive prompt and reliable publishing and a global platform for your research to reach its full potential.
Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development
Impact Of Face-To-Face Class Resumption on Early Childhood Development Competencies
This study examined the impact of face-to-face class resumption on the Early Childhood Development (ECD) competencies of kindergarten learners. Using a descriptive-quantitative research design, the study assessed 86 participants comprising 2 teacher respondents and 84 kindergarten learners through the standardized Early Childhood Development (ECD) checklist issued by the Department of Education (DepEd). This tool measured learner progress across multiple domains: socio-emotional, gross motor, fine motor, self-help, receptive and expressive language, and cognitive development. Pre- and post-assessment results showed marked developmental improvements in all areas following the resumption of face-to-face classes. Regular school attendance further supported learner engagement and exposure to formal instruction. The use of paired samples t-test revealed statistically significant differences between pre- and post- assessment scores, affirming the positive impact of in-person learning modalities. To address residual developmental gaps and reinforce instructional effectiveness, an Enhancement Plan was developed. The plan featured targeted, phase-based interventions aligned with DepEd’s quarterly framework. The study affirmed that structured early learning environments and consistent school attendance were critical in promoting holistic growth among young learners in the post-pandemic context.
Face to Face Class, Early Childhood Development, Pre- and post-assessment results
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Symbol of Garuda as A Cultural Media and Ideology: A Case Study in Bali-Indonesia
Garuda is a mythological creature originated from Vedic literature, depicted as a combination of human and bird. The purpose of this paper is to understand the meaning of the Garuda symbol as a cultural and ideological medium from the perspective of postmodernist thought, which is a very interesting topic to discuss. Until now, the Garuda symbol in cultural and ideological media has rarely been discussed the meaning behind the use of the Garuda symbol in aspects of contemporary Indonesian society. The Garuda symbol in contemporary life in Indonesia, especially on the island of Bali, contains certain meanings. The meanings contained in the symbolization of the Garuda as a cultural and ideological medium certainly have various interpretations, depending on the subject of society who interprets this Garuda symbol. This is related to the culture of the use of bird symbols as ideological symbols. The approach used to answer several problems in understanding the meaning of the Garuda symbol as a cultural and ideological medium in the perspective of postmodernist thought is the hermeneutic approach associated with postmodernist thought to provide an interpretation of the Garuda symbol as a cultural and ideological medium. The hermeneutic approach in this paper is borrowed in providing interpretation and critically analyzed from postmodern thought to understand the meaning of the Garuda symbol as a cultural and ideological medium. For this reason, it is still felt necessary to examine more deeply so that the meaning behind the meaning of the Garuda symbol can be understood more deeply from the perspective of cultural studies. Based on the above description, understanding the Garuda symbol as a cultural and ideological medium from a postmodern perspective is quite compelling. This interest stems from the specific meaning each postmodernist perspective possesses, allowing for a deeper analysis of the meaning behind the Garuda symbol.
Garuda, mythological, creature, symbol, cultural, media, ideology
Oaths and Orders: Navigating Wartime Medical Neutrality in Deanna Germain’s Reaching Past the Wire: A Nurse at Abu Ghraib
This paper examines the ethical tension confronting the healthcare workers stationed at Abu Ghraib Prison, where the principles of humanitarian care dissolved under the pressure of state-sanctioned violence, preexisting structural violence and the intense scrutiny of the international public gaze. Focusing on Major Deanna Germain’s memoir, Reaching Past the Wire: A Nurse at Abu Ghraib, the study offers a critical account of the challenges of maintaining medical neutrality in the context of a morally degraded prison where complicity and care coexist. Most of the scholarly literature that concerns itself with questions of medical neutrality during wartime has largely documented the ethical transgressions of healthcare providers, with far less scholarship attending to the experience of those who attempted to maintain a commitment to medical ethics under intense pressure. I draw on Virginia Held’s “ethics of care” to argue that Germain’s memoir testifies to a nurse’s effort to fashion an ethical self in a prison context that works to deconstruct such a caring self. The memoir complicates the image of Abu Ghraib as merely a site of institutionalized abuse by offering a counternarrative in which care, agency, and medical ethics persist, however tenuously. Read in this way, the study contributes to a nuanced understanding of medical accountability and the potential for compassionate practice within the frame of institutionalized violence.
medical neutrality, Deanna Germain, Reaching Past the Wire, ethics of care, Virginia Held, war nurses, Abu Ghraib, Iraq War
A Literature Review on the Construction of China's Arctic Image
The present studies on construction of China's Arctic image are mainly analyzed from non-linguistics perspective and linguistics perspective. From a non-linguistics standpoint, studies mainly draw on international relations, communication, law, and cartography, examining how China shapes its Arctic image through identity positioning, international engagement, public diplomacy, legal argumentation, and map discourse. The linguistics perspective, by contrast, focuses on discourse analysis and narrative analysis, exploring the vocabulary, rhetoric, and narrative logic embedded in official documents, academic discourse, and media coverage, to reveal how language functions as a strategic tool to convey positions, reflect state strategies, and shape external perceptions. However, previous studies has some limitations, primarily including insufficient analysis and contextual interpretation from the linguistics perspective, inadequate examination of the diversity of actors and interactive mechanisms, and limited depth and breadth in quantitative and empirical analysis. Looking ahead, future research should seek to deepen the scope of linguistic discourse analysis, broaden actors, and make fuller use of quantitative approaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhixian Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Language Learning Strategies and Reading Skills of Grade Three Learners: Basis for A Reading Skills Enhancement Plan
This study assessed the language learning strategies and reading skills of the learners. A descriptive–correlational design was employed, using census sampling, the respondents comprised all officially enrolled Grade Three pupils during SY 2025–2026 (n = 569). Data were gathered through a two-part instrument: a learner profile and an adapted Language Learning Strategies Survey (listening, speaking, reading, writing) grounded in Kaur and Embi (2011), alongside CRLA-aligned reading assessments. Descriptive statistics and appropriate tests of association were used to summarize variables and examine the link between strategy use and reading performance. Results indicated generally favorable strategy use across domains, with strengths in accuracy- and repair-oriented behaviors (e.g., rereading, using text features, practicing grammatical forms) and relative gaps in higher-order, metacognitive strategies (e.g., predicting, summarizing, flexible paraphrasing). Most learners read below the expected benchmark, and stronger, more consistent strategy use aligned with better reading outcomes. The study concluded that explicit, routine instruction in metacognitive strategies, coupled with tiered supports and short-cycle monitoring, would best accelerate reading growth. It recommended implementing a CRLA-aligned Reading Skills Enhancement Plan featuring protected intervention blocks, flexible grouping, teacher professional development on think-aloud and discussion scaffolds, and institutionalized assessment cycles.
Language Learning Strategies, Reading Skills, Listening Strategies, Speaking Strategies
Challenges and Opportunities: Voices of Araling Panlipunan Teachers on Integrating Gamification into their Pedagogy
Gamification has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance student engagement, yet its specific application in the context of Philippine Social Studies (Araling Panlipunan) remains underexplored. This transcendental phenomenological study examined the lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of 10 Junior High School Araling Panlipunan teachers in the Toledo City Division (A.Y. 2024–2025). Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings reveal a dual narrative: while teachers reported positive outcomes such as increased student motivation, active participation, and improved lesson retention, they also encountered significant hurdles, including technological limitations, time constraints, and socio-emotional challenges among learners. To navigate these issues, teachers employed coping strategies focused on structured implementation, adaptability, and peer collaboration. The study concludes that while gamification is a potent pedagogical tool for Social Studies, its sustainable effectiveness relies heavily on strengthened institutional support, adequate technological infrastructure, and continuous professional development for teachers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Beatriz Ann Simafranca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation And Outcomes of the Matatag Curriculum: A Study on Its Influence in Early Childhood Education
This study explored the implementation of the MATATAG curriculum in basic education, focusing on teachers’ perceptions of its effectiveness, benefits, challenges, and its impact on student learning and development. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered from 44 teacher-respondents through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic information and perceptions, while correlation analysis determined relationships between curriculum implementation, perceived benefits, and learning outcomes. Results showed that although the implementation of the curriculum was generally rated positively, notable gaps were identified in areas such as the availability of teaching materials and parental involvement. Teachers agreed that the curriculum supports student development, especially in literacy, collaboration, and self-confidence, with a perceived benefits and learning process. However, limited training and support, overcrowded classrooms, and insufficient resources were identified as persistent challenges. Importantly, statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between curriculum implementation and both perceived benefits and student learning and development. These findings highlight the crucial role of effective curriculum delivery in achieving desired educational outcomes and underscore the need for continuous teacher training, access to resources, and strong school-community collaboration to enhance the success of the MATATAG curriculum.
MATATAG Curriculum, Early Childhood Education, Curriculum Implementation, Foundational Learning
Preparations of Grade 7 Social Studies Teachers Towards a Curriculum Reform
Regular curriculum reviews ensure relevance and allow integration of subjects that meet evolving student and societal needs. In the Philippines, the MATATAG Curriculum redesigns the Social Studies (Araling Panlipunan) program by shifting focus from Asian Studies to the Philippines in Southeast Asia. This shift highlights the need to explore teacher preparation for implementing the new curriculum. This qualitative study used narrative inquiry to examine how five Grade 7 Social Studies teachers prepared for the MATATAG Curriculum. Through purposive sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted using open-ended questions, allowing participants to share detailed experiences. Thematic analysis revealed six themes in teacher preparation: self-initiated activities, materials preparation, paradigm shift, apprenticeship learning, mandated activities, and empowerment. These efforts enhanced teachers' pedagogical content knowledge, equipping them to handle the revised subject matter effectively. The study recommends that, when rolling out a new curriculum, there should be a close dialogue between curriculum developers and teachers, quality reference materials be made available, teachers receive practical training through seminars and workshops, and forums be established between curriculum developers and teachers. These steps can ensure that classroom realities inform curriculum reform, fostering better implementation and improved learning outcomes.
7 Social Studies Teachers; Curriculum Reform; MATATAG Curriculum redesigns
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Immersive Virtual Reality: Across Generations Analysis of Attitude and Behavioural Donation Intention
The aim of this research is to compare the attitudes and behavioural donation intentions of digital natives and digital immigrants towards homelessness, as part of a social marketing campaign using immersive virtual reality, while examining the moderating role of religiosity. Data were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire administered to 187 respondents. The results indicate that digital natives exposed to immersive virtual reality have significantly higher attitudes towards homelessness than digital immigrants. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups exposed to immersive virtual reality in terms of behavioural donation intention. Furthermore, attitudes towards homelessness have a positive influence on behavioural donation intention, and this relationship is moderated by the level of religiosity. Finally, results reveal that a significant indirect effect of generation type (digital natives vs. digital immigrants) on behavioral donation intention via attitude is only observed for individuals with a high level of religiosity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sana Ibrahim, Rym Bouzaabia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Power of Media in International Humanitarian Action
This research examines the impact of media portrayal on public perception and response to international humanitarian crises, exploring how the diversity of media discourse influences funding, volunteering, and policy decisions in humanitarian action. Employing qualitative methods, the research includes comprehensive media analyses, case studies of prominent humanitarian events, and opinion polls to assess public opinion and response behaviors. The findings reveal that compelling and emotionally charged narratives significantly enhance public engagement and funding, while impersonal or bureaucratic portrayals often lead to apathy and disengagement. Notably, the study highlights a fundamental link between the nature of media discourse and the effectiveness of humanitarian initiatives, suggesting that strategic media collaboration can significantly improve public response in crisis situations. The implications of these findings extend to the broader field of humanitarian aid, underscoring the need for coherent media strategies capable of mobilizing resources for humanitarian efforts addressing basic human needs, particularly in emergencies. Furthermore, this research contributes to the broader debate on the role of media in shaping societal actions and policies and calls for a more conscious and responsible media environment that not only covers crises but also promotes proactive public response. Ultimately, the implications of this study suggest that optimal media engagement can significantly improve the effectiveness of humanitarian responses, thereby enhancing humanitarian outcomes for affected populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anas Allouzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Readiness of Philippine Secondary Public-School Teachers Towards the Implementation of Inclusive Education
This study investigated the readiness of secondary public-school teachers in the Philippines to implement inclusive education, focusing on their competencies in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and practices. Literature reviews mined from this study emphasized the growing importance of inclusive education and the need for educators to be adequately prepared to address diverse student needs. Hence, the study explored the impact of demographic variables such as age, gender, educational attainment, field of specialization, length of service, and relevant training on teachers’ readiness for inclusive education. The research hypothesized that these demographic factors significantly relate to the competencies required for inclusive education. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design and surveyed 30 teachers from Lahug National High School (Night) in Cebu City, using a structured questionnaire adapted from Moosa et al. (2020). The results revealed that while demographic variables have minimal impact on teachers' knowledge and skills competencies, length of service and relevant training positively influence teachers’ attitudes and practical application of inclusive practices. Thus, the findings highlighted the necessity of professional development programs and targeted training to enhance teacher readiness for inclusive education. The study's findings strongly recommended prioritizing advanced training programs, aligning evaluations with inclusive education competencies, conducting further research on intrinsic motivational factors, and adopting the Action Plan for Improving Readiness in Inclusive Education among Philippine Secondary Public-School Teachers to enhance teacher readiness and effectiveness.
Inclusive Education, Teacher Readiness, Secondary Public School, Attitude Competency, Knowledge Competency, Skills Competency
Persuasive Strategies in Slogans of Samsung Smartphones
The aim of this research is to examine the strategies of persuasion employed in slogans of Samsung smartphones. Particularly, the objective of this study is to reveal how these strategies are utilized to influence recipients and convince them to make purchases. To realize this objective, 30 Samsung smartphones slogans were analyzed following Keraf’s (2004) model of persuasion to arrive at the most prevalent strategies applied in these slogans and Aristotle’s (1954) model of persuasion to reveal the way implemented to realize the goal of effective marketing. The findings show that Samsung slogans utilized five persuasive strategies, namely rationalization, identification, hypnotic, conformity, and compensation. Findings also show that the conformity technique is the most frequently employed one. Moreover, as for persuasive rhetorical modes, Ethos is the most commonly used one in Samsung slogans. This study offers insights into the significant role of persuasion in digital marketing to successfully enthrall consumers.
Samsung, Slogan, Smartphones, Techniques of persuasion
The Role of Language Skills in Shaping Oral Reading Ability of Grade One Learners
This study examines how language skills impact the oral reading abilities of the learners. It underscores the critical role of early language development in fostering literacy. The study investigates the relationships between listening, speaking, vocabulary, and comprehension skills and their influence on reading fluency and accuracy. Various data collection methods were employed, including assessments, reading evaluations, and teacher observations. The sample consisted of 30 purposively selected parents of Grade One students. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r). The findings revealed that learners with stronger language skills generally demonstrated better oral reading abilities, emphasizing the strong link between language development and literacy. Conversely, deficits in vocabulary and comprehension were found to impede reading performance. The study highlights the need for targeted language development interventions to promote early reading success. It recommends incorporating language enrichment activities into the curriculum and offering specific support for students who require additional assistance. By exploring the connection between language skills and reading proficiency, the research provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers focused on improving literacy outcomes for young learners.
Receptive language, Expressive language, Oral reading ability, Reading fluency, Early literacy, Language development
Effects Of Resuming In- Person Classes on Early Childhood Development Competencies
This study examined the impact of the resumption of face-to-face classes on the Early Childhood Development (ECD) competencies of kindergarten learners school. Utilizing a descriptive- comparative research design, the study assessed 94 kindergarten learners and 2 teacher respondents through the standardized Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) checklist provided by the Department of Education. The research focused on five developmental domains: health, well-being and motor development; socio- emotional development; language, literacy, and communication; mathematics; and understanding the physical and natural environment. Demographic and socioeconomic data—including age, gender, parents’ occupation, family income, and attendance were also collected to contextualize the findings. Results revealed that learners initially demonstrated “Developing” competencies, particularly in fine motor skills, early literacy, and numeracy. However, post-assessment indicated significant improvements, with most learners reaching the “Consistent” level in all domains after one year of in-person instruction. The statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between pre- and post-assessment scores, validating the positive influence of face-to-face classes on holistic child development. Based on these findings, an enhancement plan was developed to address persistent gaps and further strengthen early learning outcomes. The study underscored the importance of sustained, targeted interventions and active collaboration among teachers, families, and community stakeholders in fostering optimal early childhood development.
Early Childhood Development, Kindergarten Learners, Post-Pandemic Learning Recovery, In-Person Classes
Language and Literacy Skills Assessment Among Grade One Learners
This study assessed the language and literacy skills of Grade One learners at Paknaan Elementary School to inform an evidence-based instructional intervention. It aimed to determine the level of receptive and expressive language, the level of early literacy (letter sounds, rhyming words, letter names), and the relationship between language and literacy domains, and then to propose a Literacy Skills Enhancement Plan. A descriptive-correlational design was employed in a school-based environment. Using purposive sampling, Grade One teachers evaluated sixty-five (65) pupils. Data were gathered through a teacher survey adapted from the DepEd ECCD Checklist and complementary rapid literacy tasks. Statistical treatments included frequency counts, weighted means, simple percentages, and Pearson correlation. Results indicated that receptive language tended to be stronger than expressive language (particularly in sequencing and tense use). Learners generally consolidated letter-sound knowledge, displayed emerging phonological awareness with rhyming, and showed satisfactory yet uneven letter-name recognition. Analysis also indicated a positive association between language and literacy domains, such that stronger oral language aligned with better performance in selected early literacy indicators. Based on these findings, the study concluded that targeted, short-daily, cumulative routines were warranted, coupled with systematic progress monitoring and a tightened home–school partnership. It recommended a comprehensive Literacy Skills Enhancement Plan emphasizing letter- sound automaticity, playful rhyming practice, guided retellings to strengthen expressive language, maintenance of letter-name fluency, fortnightly ECCD-aligned checks, and structured parent supports (kits, prompts, and micro-workshops) to sustain at-home practice.
Language skills, receptive language, expressive language, literacy skills, letter-sound recognition, rhyming words, letter-name identification
Assessing the Role of Language Skills in Shaping Early Literacy Competence Among Grade One Learners
This study assessed Grade One learners’ language and literacy skills and the level of parents’ involvement, and determined the relationship between language and literacy as the basis for developing a Literacy Skills Enhancement Plan. A descriptive– correlational design was employed at Canduman Elementary School, Mandaue City, during SY 2025–2026. Using purposive sampling, teacher-raters evaluated sixty-one learners. The instrument comprised an ECCD-aligned teacher checklist with brief one- to-one tasks covering receptive and expressive language, letter–sound knowledge, rhyming words, and letter-name recognition, alongside a simple parent-involvement log. Data were treated using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson product–moment correlation. Findings revealed varied performance across language and literacy indicators and a positive association between language skills and early literacy outcomes, while parent involvement showed uneven consistency in home practice and dialogic reading. The study concluded that strengthening expressive language, consolidating letter–sound and rhyming skills, and elevating purposeful parent participation were necessary to accelerate literacy growth. It recommended implementing a context-responsive Literacy Skills Enhancement Plan featuring brief daily classroom routines, ECCD-aligned baseline midline endline monitoring with flexible regrouping, and parent micro-workshops coupled with weekly home prompts and feedback loops to sustain learning beyond school.
The Influence of Parental Involvement on Reading Comprehension in Grade Three Learners
This study examined the role of parental engagement in the reading comprehension of learners. It specifically focused on two aspects of involvement: parents’ encouragement of their children to read and their role in modeling positive attitudes toward reading. Using a descriptive correlational design anchored on the Input–Process–Output (IPO) model, the research gathered data from parent-respondents through an adapted Parental Involvement Questionnaire (Alazri, 2019) and assessed learners’ comprehension using standardized reading tests. Results showed that parents were generally highly involved in encouraging their children to read, especially by allowing them to choose books, giving books as gifts, and monitoring school performance. However, parents were only moderately involved in modeling positive reading attitudes, as fewer engaged in daily shared reading or demonstrated consistent personal reading habits. Statistical analysis revealed that parental educational attainment significantly influenced involvement, while other demographic factors such as age, gender, and income did not. Most importantly, parental encouragement, modeling, and overall involvement were all significantly related to learners’ reading comprehension performance. The findings emphasize the critical role of family support in literacy development and highlight the need for schools to strengthen home-school partnerships to improve comprehension skills at this crucial stage of learning.
Parental engagement, parental involvement, reading comprehension, Grade Three learners
Parental Engagement and Its Impact on Grade Three Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skills
This study examined the role of parental engagement in the reading comprehension skills of Grade Three learners at Mohon Elementary School, Talisay City, Cebu. It focused on two areas of involvement: how parents encourage their children to read and how they model positive attitudes toward reading. The study used a descriptive correlational design with the Input–Process–Output (IPO) framework. Data were collected using an adapted parental involvement questionnaire and the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) to measure learners’ reading comprehension. Findings showed that parents were moderately involved in encouraging their children to read and highly involved in modeling positive attitudes toward reading. The results also revealed that demographic factors such as age, gender, educational attainment, income, and occupation were not significantly related to parental involvement, except for civil status, which showed a meaningful difference. However, the study found no sinificant relationship between the level of parental involvement and the learners’ reading comprehension performance. This suggests that while parents play an important role in supporting reading, other factors such as school instruction, learning resources, and individual learner characteristics may have stronger effects on comprehension. The study highlights the importance of strengthening both home and school efforts to improve children’s reading skills.
Assessing the Impact of Parental Involvement on Reading Comprehension Skills in Grade Three Learners
This study examined the relationship between parental involvement and the reading comprehension performance of Grade 3 learners at Lawaan Elementary School. Using a descriptive correlational design and guided by the Input–Process–Output (IPO) framework, the research involved parents and their children through surveys and reading assessments. The Parental Involvement Questionnaire, adapted to the local context, measured the extent of parents’ roles in encouraging reading and modeling positive attitudes, while standardized tests assessed learners’ comprehension levels. Findings showed that parents were moderately involved in encouraging their children to read, particularly by allowing book choice, monitoring school performance, and providing reading materials. However, involvement in modeling positive attitudes, such as shared reading at home or organizing family reading activities, was rated lower. Demographic factors such as age, gender, educational attainment, income, and occupation significantly influenced parental involvement, while civil status and number of children showed no strong links. Despite these efforts, statistical tests revealed no significant direct relationship between parental involvement and reading comprehension performance. This suggests that while parental support is valuable, comprehension outcomes are also shaped by classroom instruction, student motivation, and access to resources. The study highlights the need for stronger home–school partnerships to enhance literacy development.
Machine Learning Techniques for Anomaly Detection in Smart Grids
The development of smart grids that incorporate advanced metering infrastructure, two‐way communication networks, and automated control networks has changed power networks. The expansion of digital interconnectivity exposes these systems to different anomalies, including cyber intrusions together with equipment malfunctions, and energy theft. Traditional rule‐based detection methods are increasingly inadequate in the face of large volumes of heterogeneous data and sophisticated attack vectors. Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as promising tools for real‐time and high‐accuracy anomaly detection, ultimately contributing to enhanced grid security and resilience. This paper provides a comprehensive review of ML methods applied to anomaly detection in smart grids, examines case studies with numerical performance indicators, and discusses the challenges of deploying these methods in real‐world environments. The results highlight that ML algorithms—including supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning methods can achieve detection accuracies above 90% in several applications. Insights from recent research and field implementations demonstrate that the integration of ML into smart grid frameworks not only improves operational efficiency but also mitigates the risk of system failures and cyberattacks.
Smart grids, Machine learning (ML), Predictive Maintenance, Anomaly Detection, Machine Learning Algorithms
The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior and Brand Loyalty
Social media has evolved from a basic communication tool into a powerful digital ecosystem that shapes consumer behavior and reinforces brand loyalty. This research investigates how social influence mechanisms and consumer engagement theories converge to explain the role of direct brand communication, interactive content, and peer recommendations in cultivating customer loyalty. Drawing from an extensive literature review, the study highlights how platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn enable two-way communication, enhance trust, and foster emotional brand connections. The findings offer practical insights for marketers aiming to strengthen consumer-brand relationships in an increasingly digital and dynamic marketplace. Future research directions include conducting empirical analyses across diverse market segments and exploring the mediating roles of trust and customer experience in social media-driven brand loyalty.
Social Media; Consumer Behavior; Brand Loyalty
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Big Data Analytics in Enhancing Organizational Decision-Making
In the digital era, data analytics is essential for informing corporate choices and streamlining operations, markedly improving organizational efficiency and competitive edge. This study assesses the influence of data analytics on improving business decision-making and operational efficiency, measuring enhancements and identifying critical elements that affect effective analytics implementation. Furthermore, 20 executive interviews yielded qualitative insights. Statistical analysis, comprising regression models and ANOVA, were employed to investigate correlations and causations between the application of data analytics and business performance outcomes. This research examines the influence of Big Data Analytics on the quality, efficiency, and performance of organizational decision-making. Utilizing contemporary literature and empirical investigations, we propose a conceptual framework, outline the technique for examining BDA's influence, and present findings that illustrate its beneficial impact on decision-making. The results underscore the significance of leadership, data governance, and an analytical culture in optimizing the advantages of big data analytics, while also considering ethical implications.
Big data analytics, decision-making, Predictive Analytics, Data Analysis, Operational Efficiency
Effectiveness of Social Service Rehabilitation Programs for People with Mental Disorders in the Social Community (LIPOSOS) Environment in Jember
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social service programs for individuals with mental disorders (ODGJ) at the Social Shelter (Liposos) in Jember Regency. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, allowing for an in-depth understanding of participants’ perceptions and experiences regarding the program's success. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which involves data reduction, display, and drawing conclusions/verification. The main findings indicate that the rehabilitation program at Liposos Jember demonstrates a fairly adequate level of success, as evidenced by observable behavioral changes in clients and the achievement of rehabilitation goals, such as improved social skills and emotional control. However, several obstacles remain, including limited public understanding of reporting and referral procedures, environmental sanitation issues in the shelter area, and a shortage of experienced staff. The primary conclusion states that the effectiveness of the social service program at Liposos Jember is reasonably good, but improvements are needed in community awareness, environmental hygiene and safety, and capacity building for staff. Such enhancements are expected to increase the program's success and the quality of life for individuals with mental disorders in a sustainable manner.
Effectivene Rehabilitation Program, Social Services, Individuals with Mental Disorders (ODGJ
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Wahdatul Chilmy , Muhammad Faris , Achmad Faisol https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring The Challenges and Strategies of Special Education Teachers in Developing Social and Adaptive Skills
The study explored the challenges and strategies of special education teachers in developing social and adaptive skills among learners with disabilities at Tabunok Central Elementary School, Cebu City Division, Cebu, Philippines, during school year 2024-2025 as basis to draw implications for practice. This research used qualitative phenomenological design. There were five (5) participants selected through purposive sampling technique who were interviewed using the researcher-made semi-structured questionnaire that contained eight (8) open-ended questions constructed in English language. Data gathered were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings revealed that the participants integrated social and adaptive skill development into their curriculum by having: Storytelling Sessions Focused on Social Situations; Practice of Basic Household Chores in Class; and Integration of Adaptive Skills in Arts and Crafts Activities. The challenges that teacher participants faced in teaching social and adaptive skills to students with disabilities were: Lack of Parent-Teacher Collaboration; Overloaded Teacher Schedules Limiting Focus on Life Skills; and Insufficient Support from Non-SPED Teachers. While the instructional strategies that teachers find most effective in improving the social and adaptive skills of students with disabilities were: Use of Social Narratives and Role-Playing; Small Group Activities to Promote Peer Interaction; and Incorporation of Visual and Tactile Learning Materials. It is concluded that Teachers demonstrate a steadfast dedication to integrating social and adaptive skills into their regular instruction. However, their efforts are impeded by systemic barriers. It is recommended that the implications for practice be implemented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Glendale Niadas, Albert Marion Quiap, Enemesia Sanchez, Ma. Elena Monterola, Vincent Beniga, Dr. Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Dr. Lilibeth C. Pinili, Dr. Raymond C. Espina, Dr. Limuel J. Abelgas, Dr. Honorio C. Añora, Dr. Reylan G. Capuno, Dr. Marjorie B. Añero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing Moral Narratives through 3D Animation: Youth Identity and Cultural Reflections in Ghana’s Pressure Music Video
This paper explores Pressure (2024), a 3D animated music video by Ghanaian musician Akwaboah, as a cultural artefact that visualizes the ethical and psychological dilemmas confronting Ghanaian youth. The narrative, delivered in Akan, depicts a young man whose financial struggles push him toward questionable choices, ultimately underscoring the consequences of material obsession and societal pressure. Through photorealistic design, culturally embedded symbols, and emotionally nuanced storytelling, the animation functions as both a moral allegory and a mirror of contemporary youth identity. Drawing on animation theory, visual semiotics, and postcolonial media perspectives, the study examines how Pressure reimagines African digital storytelling by blending traditional values with modern design techniques. A qualitative approach was adopted, using purposive sampling to engage industry practitioners, animation educators, and selected audiences. Their insights provide context for understanding the role of 3D animation in shaping moral discourse and contributing to social commentary in Ghana’s evolving media space. The findings reveal that digital animation deepens narrative engagement while creating opportunities for critical reflection on ethical challenges within youth culture. The paper concludes with recommendations for advancing animation design and education in Ghana, highlighting its potential to address social issues through culturally resonant and ethically grounded storytelling.
3D Animation, Digital Storytelling, Ghanaian Youth, Cultural Identity, Moral Narratives, postcolonial media, visual semiotics
Women's Membership in the Shura Council from the Perspective of Islam
Among the important issues that must be considered in addressing contemporary jurisprudential and intellectual matters is the question of women’s membership in the Shura Council, along with an assessment of its social, familial, and religious impacts. This paper analyzes the issue through examining Islamic legal evidence and reflecting on modern realities. The research adopts a comparative analytical methodology, presenting the views of both opponents and supporters, with a focus on Qur’anic verses, Prophetic traditions, and scholarly opinions. The findings suggest that the view of those who oppose women’s membership is closer to the correct position. This conclusion is based on several considerations: that a woman is primarily responsible for managing her household and raising her children—roles which conflict with the demands of serving in Shura councils; that permitting such participation may lead to mixing of genders and temptation, which Islamic law warns against; and that the Qur’anic verse indicates the principle of a woman’s primary place being her home, rather than engagement in public affairs that might harm her faith or modesty.
Women, Council, Shura, Islam, Membership
The Effectiveness of the Generative Learning Strategy in Developing Productive Thinking Skills in English among Ninth-Grade Female Students
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the generative learning strategy in developing productive thinking in English among ninth-grade female students. The quasi-experimental approach was used. The study sample consisted of (30) ninth-grade female students at Umm Al-Amad Mixed Basic School in the Salt District Directorate during the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The experimental group consisted of (15) students, and the control group consisted of (15) students. A test to measure productive thinking skills was administered to them, consisting of (24) questions distributed across (8) domains. The test's validity and reliability were verified, and a teacher's guide was prepared to teach a unit using the generative learning strategy. The study results showed a statistically significant effect at the significance level (a = 0.05) of the generative learning strategy on developing general productive thinking skills. In light of the results, the study recommended the need to hold training courses for English language teachers to familiarize them with modern teaching strategies, including the generative learning strategy.
Generative learning, productive thinking skills
The Presentation and Utilization of WangGen's Conscience
Since Mencius first created the moral concept of “conscience” and then Wang Yangming established the teaching of “conscience”, combining the essence of conscience with the work of knowledge, the connotation and extension of “conscience” have been continuously enriched and developed. WangGen, as a famous “Confucian in Cloth” among the scholars of Wangxue in the middle of Ming Dynasty, reinterpreted ‘conscience’ with the help of his teacher Wang Yangming and his fellow scholars, and combined with his own special experience of becoming a scholar, and put forward his own “theory of conscience”. With the help of his teacher Wang Yangming and his fellow disciples, and with his own special experience, he reinterpreted “conscience” and put forward his own “doctrine of conscience”, which was interpreted by WangGen with a new meaning and innovated at both theoretical and practical levels. Under the background of social environment change and personalized ideological liberation in the middle of Ming Dynasty, the presentation and application of “conscience” transformed the Confucianism of the scholars and scholars into the daily study of the common people, transcending the traditional Confucianism of saintly and foolish and noble, and establishing a realistic channel for the common people to become saints and sages, thus contributing significantly to the transformation of Confucianism into a commoner. This is a far-reaching contribution to the turn of Confucianism towards the common people.
WangGen; Heavenly Principle; Daily Conscience; Liangzhizhi
Designing Culturally Responsive Visual Aids for Health Education in Managing Chronic Lifestyle Conditions in Ghana
This study explored the potential of culturally adapted visual health education materials in supporting adults with diabetes and hypertension in Ghana. Limited health literacy and cultural barriers often make it difficult for individuals to manage these conditions effectively. To address this, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 50 participants aged 40–81 years, most of whom were women. Participants were assigned either to a control group that received traditional health education or to an intervention group that used culturally adapted visual materials designed with African cultural elements and supported by AI-generated prompts. The materials focused on five self-management areas: nutrition, physical activity, medication adherence, healthcare engagement, and protein intake. Results showed that while both groups achieved similar immediate knowledge gains, those in the intervention group maintained significantly higher knowledge retention and self-efficacy after three months. Women demonstrated particularly strong retention, and participants with hypertension showed the greatest improvements. These findings suggest that culturally adapted visual aids for education can improve long-term outcomes for individuals with limited baseline knowledge, offering a promising approach to reducing health disparities. The integration of artificial intelligence into cultural adaptation provides a scalable model for developing effective health communication tools.
Culturally Responsive Visual Aids, Health literacy, Diabetes, Hypertension, Artificial Intelligence in Health Communication, Patient education, Ghanaian Healthcare
Influence of Electronic Gadget Usage on Learner’s Attention and Focus: A Teacher-Based Assessment
This study explores how using electronic gadgets like smartphones and tablets affects the attention and focus of kindergarten children. As digital device use becomes more common even among young kids, concerns have grown about its impact on learning and behavior. The study used a survey of 60 parents to measure how often children use gadgets and how it relates to their ability to concentrate, complete tasks, and stay engaged. Results showed a moderate negative relationship between gadget use and attention and focus. In other words, children who spent more time on gadgets were less able to stay focused, complete tasks, and stay interested in non-digital activities. These findings suggest the importance of managing screen time in early childhood to support healthy development and better learning outcomes. The study also offers helpful recommendations for parents, teachers, and policymakers to guide responsible gadget use, especially in early education settings.
Electronic gadget use, Kindergarten pupils, Attention and focus, Early childhood education