Governance of Super Maximum Security Prison Karang Anyar Nusa Kambangan Indonesia in Realizing the Correctional Revitalization Program

| ABSTRACT The correctional system has undergone changes due to the emergence of the Minister of Law and Human Rights regarding the implementation of correctional revitalization, which provides a classification of prisons that has an impact on the existence of prisons with categories for placing high-risk prisoners. One of them is the Super Maximum Security (SMAX) Class IIA Karang Anyar Nusakambangan Prison for the placement of high classification prisoners. This has an impact on the problem of not being able to grant conditional rights to prisoners who do not reduce their risk of crime until they have finished serving their sentence. The aim of the research is to analyze the governance of the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Penitentiary in realizing a correctional revitalization program to improve training for high risk prisoners. The research uses descriptive qualitative research with informants from prison officers and high-risk prisoners in prison. The results of the analysis show that prison management with a revitalization program has an impact on limiting the granting of conditional rights; there is no maximum guidance carried out by the prison, guidance for high risk prisoners must involve other parties such as the National Counterterrorism Agency, the National Narcotics Agency, the Corruption Eradication Agency, and other parties who have an interest in it. Thus, it is necessary to provide appropriate guidance for high-risk prisoners to be able to change their behavior and obtain their conditional rights. This guidance can be provided by applying the principles of planning, organizing, regulating, and strictly monitoring during the process of changing behavior and coaching prisoners.


Introduction
The formation of regulations for classifying prisons into 4 classification categories provides different coaching impacts at each classification level.The highest classification is in Super Maximum Security (SMAX) prisons, such as the Class IIA SMAX Prison, Karang Anyar Nusakambangan Indonesia.Based on Community Revitalization, SMAX Prison is used for prisoners in the high risk category (Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2018 Concerning Correctional Revitalization, 2018).High risk categories of convicts are terrorist crimes, narcotics and psychotropic substances, trafficking, illegal logging, illegal fishing or corruption (Pemasyarakatan, 2010).This regulation has a very big effect on the pattern of treatment and guidance for prisoners in changing their attitudes and behavior for the better.One of the risks of classification is the limitation of prisoners' conditional rights that can be granted to each prisoner while serving a criminal term in a correctional institution (Sulianto, 2018).
If a high-risk prisoner does not want to take part in the development program carried out in prison, then all conditional rights cannot be granted.Conditional rights are remission, assimilation, conditional release, leave before release, conditional leave, leave to visit family and other rights specified in law (Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999 Concerning the Development and Guidance of Correctional Assisted Citizens, 1999).Conditional rights can be granted by reducing risk and participating in a prison development program.In this way, the prisoner can be demoted to the Maximum Security prison classification in Nusakambangan.However, not all high-risk prisoners are willing to take part in a coaching program that adheres to the principles they adhere to.Those with the strongest principles and beliefs, like terrorist prisoners, terrorist prisoners will not carry out development and risk reduction programs and will always be in SMAX prison until the end of their sentence.This is a risk problem in society, which will continue to adhere to previously held beliefs, so there needs to be supervision and tightening in community life carried out by the police and other related parties.
Handling high-risk prisoners using the concept of prisoner classification will have different treatment effects for each prisoner.This condition can violate human rights provisions, which require every prisoner to have the same rights in the treatment of prisoners.Thus, prison management at each classification level will be different.In SMAX prison, the training program that should be obtained is in accordance with Article 2, which states that every prisoner has the right to personality development and independence development (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 of 1999 Concerning Human Rights, 1999).However, the training carried out at SMAX Prison is personality development with certain restrictions, such as remaining in a residential room in the man one cell category.Apart from that, the strictures imposed on prisoners during the personality development period include remaining in handcuffs guarded by officers and using safety equipment such as helmets, vests, and other safety devices.So the implementation of coaching does not run optimally like coaching for prisoners in general.
The SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Special Prison is almost the same as the SMAX Class I Batu Nusakambangan Prison, but what is slightly different is the very tight level of security starting from the very strict process of receiving visits to the process of placing high risk prisoners which is really strict starting from the inspection process, up to the placement of rooms with One man, one cell.This prison was built from 2016 to 2019 in the High Risk Prison category with a residential capacity of 712 people.Karang Anyar High Risk Prison is equipped with advanced technology to support its duties and functions, such as the access controlling system, which consists of a mobility controlling system, high security road blocker (high security road blocker), dynamic protective barrier (dynamic protective barrier), and main gate mobility rotore (Main Mobility Rotor).Entering the examination room, this prison is equipped with inspection items, a scanner system and a body scanner (Kemenkoinfo, 2020).
The tightening of SMAX prisons is not supported by guidance mandated by correctional law but instead restores the punishment system, not improving convicts but providing a deterrent effect on high-risk prisoners in prisons.This is contrary to correctional law, which prioritizes the development and improvement of prisoners (Constitution Number 22 of 2022 Concerning Corrections, 2022) and Government Regulations that specifically regulate correctional guidance and guidance (Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999 Concerning the Development and Guidance of Correctional Assisted Citizens, 1999).The importance of mental health maintenance programs for officers with a policy of rotating employees to correctional institutions at different levels of security (Hamzah et al., 2023).SMAX Prison restores the prison system to the legal system in Indonesia.Towards the 18th century, criminal law had experienced progress influenced by the social revolution to free itself from the grip of tyrannical absolute rulers and received fresh air from the philosophy of human life based on humanity, especially the aspect of criminal sanctions, which must respect human rights (Simarmata, 2016).SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Prison has a special, very important role in the correctional system in Indonesia.This role focuses on accommodating, supervising, and managing high-risk inmates, which are groups of inmates who pose a very high risk to public safety.High-risk inmates are those who have a record of serious crimes, involvement in criminal activity that harms society at large, or a tendency to repeatedly engage in crime.In line with differential psychology, personality traits are inconsistent only with the situation (Ross and Nisbett, 1991) (Engel & Zhurakhovska, 2016).Special treatment for high-risk prisoners requires a different rehabilitation approach.There is a need for a prison management model; the coaching program is to create a coaching model with prisons as the coaching center by involving the Ministry, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders (Umar Anwar dan Esmi Warassih, 2024).Previous studies show that this approach includes psychological interventions, counseling, skills training, and education.Psychological interventions help address the psychological factors that drive criminal behavior.Counseling helps high-risk inmates overcome personal problems and develop communication skills.Skills training covers the work and social skills necessary for success after incarceration.Education helps inmates increase literacy and employment opportunities.This approach helps high-risk inmates understand the root of problems, develop positive skills, and prepare for a better life after release.Based on the background above, it is necessary to conduct research regarding the governance of the SMAX Karang Anyar Penitentiary in realizing the correctional revitalization program to improve the development of training for high-risk prisoners.(2018), that there are still many problems that result from errors in corrective governance.Improving the performance of prisons requires adequate facilities and infrastructure and professional officers to carry out their duties and functions.So, the conclusion is that management needs to be done to improve prisons that have experienced cracks, and their management requires the involvement of various elements, including facilities and infrastructure and adequate human resources (Priyatmono, 2018).Research by Agus Budianto, Afdhal Mahatta, entitled Legal Updates on Correctional Institution Management Policies in Law Review Volume XXI, No. March 3, 2022, the National Penitentiary Agency, as an independent and independent institution to manage the implementation of the correctional system is an alternative idea for renewal and improvement (Agus Budianto, 2016).Research by Robi Setiawan Tridesia, title: Management of Super Maximum Security Prisons in a Global Perspective in the Journal of Administration and Management Vo. 10 No. 1 (2020), that treatment of prisoners must remain humane and uphold human dignity, carry out assessments of prisoners so that they can get the right information about what kind of prisoners should be punished in super maximum security prisons, risk management in super maximum security prisons such as risks security, escape, health and possible riots (Tridesia, 2020).

Methodology
This research uses a descriptive qualitative research approach.According to Denzim and Lincoln, qualitative research is a scientific background used as research, meaning a phenomenon that occurs to be interpreted and involves various existing methods.In qualitative research methods, a researcher has a key role in explaining a symptom as a whole according to the existing context (holistic-contextual) through the natural circumstances that are occurring.The qualitative method aims to obtain in-depth data, data that contains meaning (Sugiono, 2013).According to Kirk & Miler, qualitative research methods are a tradition in the social sciences, which depend on human observation as researchers, both in the area and in terms that are carried out fundamentally (Anggito, 2018).Primary data sources are from interviews with selected informants and direct survey results at the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Nusakambangan Prison.

Environmental Conditions of the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Nusakambangan Prison
The SMAX Class II A Karang Anyar Nusakambangan Correctional Institution is one of the Technical Implementation Units under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, which implements the correctional revitalization program in accordance with Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 35 of 2018 concerning Revitalization of Correctional Administration.The aim is to optimize correctional administration, one of which is efforts to treat prisoners by reducing the level of risk and changing behavior.
The condition of the area inside the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Prison consists of administration, security and order rooms, Prison Security Unit, Hall, Main Gate Guard, Supervision and Inspection, Canteen, Poly, Eagle Eye or Closed Circuit Television Room (CCTV), and Blocks A to G. The explanation of several activities and facilities in the prison is as follows:

Security of Correctional Institutions
Every prison has a coaching function, meaning that inmates are given the right coaching pattern so that correctional goals can be achieved.However, what is unique is that the coaching pattern at SMAX prison does not work because SMAX Prison has special treatment and techniques in its coaching.In fact, if you refer to Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 33/2015, what is prioritized is super maximum security activities, not guidance.This is proven by the presence of prisoners occupying each room occupied by one man in one cell cell.
Coaching activities may only be carried out in cells, such as playing the holy verses of the Koran via audio, playing the audio national anthem, audio legal counseling, gymnastics, reading books, and so on.Seeing these conditions shows that the SMAX prison places more emphasis on security, and training is not paid attention to at this prison.The placement system in the SMAX prison is one man and one cell, and each cell has CCTV.CCTV is also placed in a number of corners to strengthen the security aspect of the prison.There are 1,300 (one thousand three hundred) CCTVs, and they are monitored by officers.The term for this camera is 'eagle eye'.
Prisoners in the high risk category cannot move freely like prisoners in general because it has a high risk based on the assessment carried out by the Community Advisor.Prisoners are not as free as other prisoners placed in general prisons, which have Medium Security and Minimum Security status.One concrete form of difference in treatment between high-risk prisoners and prisoners, in general, is that there is only one person in one man, one cell, and they are not allowed to wander outside the room.However, there is one special communal block.This block is intended for convicts whose risk will decrease so that they can be placed in Maximum Security Prisons.In one room, there are 3 inmates.Inmates are also given the opportunity once a week to sunbathe for 15 minutes.This is done to provide recreation rights to prisoners.

Prisoners' health is at high risk.
The health of prisoners is something that is at risk because every person placed in this prison must be able to adapt to treatment that focuses more on security.This means that prisoners must be prepared for treatment that maximizes security.The author conducted interviews with a number of officers regarding the health of prisoners, showing that many prisoners suffer from paralysis due to lack of movement and exposure to sunlight.Apart from that, skin diseases also often plague prisoners because the conditions in the rooms are completely closed.
The physical condition or what is visible to the eye can be seen at a glance, but the psychological condition of the prisoner is part of health.A number of cases have occurred in this prison, such as destroying items in cells, damaging facilities, even attempting suicide, and some even committing suicide.This is due to a lack of communication between people, minimal life expectancy, and an uncontrolled mindset due to placement in SMAX prison.Under these conditions, prisoners are given the right to continue communicating with other people, both with officers and fellow prisoners.In this process, which is usually called 'recreational', prisoners can use this time to avoid getting sick, such as walking, jogging, jumping, stretching, and so on.On that occasion, inmates will have their hair cut, nails cut, and other activities.So that he remains in a clean and healthy condition even though he has to live his life during his sentence in a closed cell.

Physical needs of prisoners
In prison activities, inmates are given food rights.Inmates are given 3 meals a day.However, in SMAX prisons, the feeding mechanism is different from ordinary prisons.Food rations for prisoners are given by officers on a one door to door system.Food is provided through two special holes used to remove the hands and feet.So, there is no need to open the door to their room because it is very dangerous for the safety of the officers.Officers provide services to the prisoners concerned because they are not allowed to roam outside their cells.Likewise, other prisoners' needs, such as clothes, towels, blankets, and so on, were met.Every day, if inmates want to clean their clothes, they use the laundry in the prison.
At the time the research took place in this prison, there were 522 prisoners in the high risk category.During the research process, inmates cannot meet directly but are limited by glass and cannot touch one another.Prisoners can only interact with researchers through the glass, which has several holes in it so that the voices of researchers and prisoners can be heard.During this process, the prisoner remains in handcuffs, and his legs are chained to ensure security during the interaction process.Apart from that, next to the inmates, there are still security officers waiting to guard against unwanted things, such as tantrums, screaming, or even fighting researchers during the interaction process.Tightening conditions like this apply to everyone who communicates with prisoners without exception.Everyone must be looked after and protected so that undesirable things do not happen.Officers who carry out assessments, Densus 88 Police of the Republic of Indonesia who provide guidance, correctional guardians and community counselors are still treated the same in the process of dealing with convicts without any discrimination because security and comfort are maintained during the process of meeting prisoners.

Forms of Management for the Development of High Risk Prisoners in Implementing Correctional Revitalization
The main target of Correctional Revitalization is to increase the objectivity of assessments of changes in the behavior of Prisoners, Prisoners and Correctional Clients as a guideline that will be used in providing Services, Coaching and Guidance.The placement of prisoners also applies in this case, assessed not only by age and gender but also by the level of risk posed by prisoners to security and order in coaching efforts.It is hoped that the level of risk that arises will decrease when following the process in a series of activities in the Correctional Revitalization program.The implementation of correctional revitalization centers on SMAX Prison, Maximum Security Prison, Medium Security Prison and Minimum Security Prison.
The classification of security levels in each correctional institution is ranked based on crimes committed and the influence of prisoners in posing security risks, either in influencing other prisoners or the strength of their activity network outside prison (terrorism and drug convicts are prioritized).The SMAX Class IIA Karanganyar Nusakambangan Correctional Institution has a special, very important role in the correctional system in Indonesia.The role focuses on housing, supervising, and managing highrisk inmates, which are a group of inmates with a particularly high level of risk to public safety.High risk inmates are those who have a record of serious crimes, involvement in criminal activity that harms society at large, or a tendency to repeatedly engage in crime (Pemasyarakatan, 2010).Thus, this institution is a suitable place to separate him from other prisoners in an effort to maintain security and prevent negative influences on other prisoners.With its special role in housing, supervising and managing high-risk prisoners, these prisons act as the frontline in maintaining public safety and contributing to rehabilitation efforts to turn high-risk prisoners into better and more productive citizens after serving their sentences.However, training requires special treatment in order to reduce the level of risk for high-risk prisoners.That the form of guidance is via audio, monitoring via CCTV, and also asking for additional information from Densus 88 Polri for high risk prisoners who are still in the red zone to return to recognizing the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia (Pramono, 2022).
Proper training, such as providing education, can change the character and behavior of prisoners.According to Sumodiningrat, coaching is carried out through a learning process until it reaches independent status.The coaching process contains several stages, including (Djuju Sudjana, 2005) that is : 1) The stage of awareness and formation of conscious and caring behavior so that one feels the need to increase one's own capacity.This stage is a preparatory stage in the empowerment process.At this stage, the empowering party to create preconditions, so that it can facilitate an effective empowerment process.A prisoner's awareness touch will further open their desires and awareness about their current conditions, thereby stimulating their awareness of the need to improve conditions to create a better future.Conditions where prisoners are placed in cells all day reduce their level of consciousness, including limiting interactions with prisoners and officers.
2) The ability transformation stage in the form of insight, knowledge, skills, skills so that insight and basic skills are opened so that they can take a role in development.The process of transformation of knowledge and skills can take place well, enthusiastically and effectively if the first stage has been conditioned.Prisoners can undergo a learning process regarding knowledge and skills that are relevant to their needs.At this stage, prisoners are given the opportunity to visit a study place, or at least a special study place is prepared in the prison.
3) The stage of increasing intellectual abilities, skills, skills so that initiative and innovative abilities are formed to lead to independence.This stage is a stage of enrichment or improvement of intellectual abilities and skills needed so that they can form independent abilities.This independence will be marked by the prisoner's ability to form initiatives, produce creations and carry out innovations in prison.If prisoners can be given space at this stage, then prisoners can independently carry out development and change themselves for the better.
Religious formation can have an effect on increasing prisoners' religiosity so that they become proficient in reading the Koran able to memorize verses of the Qoran (Ikhwani et al., 2021).Special treatment for high-risk prisoners requires a different rehabilitation approach.Collaboration between the government, correctional institutions and deradicalization experts in realizing successful rehabilitation for prisoners (Feriandi & Subroto, 2023).Previous studies show that this approach includes psychological intervention, counseling, skills training, and education.Psychological interventions help address the psychological factors that drive criminal behavior.Counseling helps high-risk inmates overcome personal problems and develop communication skills.Skills training covers the work and social skills necessary for success after incarceration.Education helps inmates increase literacy and employment opportunities.This approach helps high-risk inmates understand the root of problems, develop positive skills, and prepare for a better life after release.

Implementation of Correctional Revitalization
Carrying out revitalization with the aim of providing guidance so that prisoners do not repeat legal acts and educating them to have social and entrepreneurial skills supported by a safe and conducive situation, it is necessary to organize and renew correctional management.This program should be implemented in every prison at every classification level.However, prisoners at the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Nusakambangan prison are not given special coaching treatment.Including independence development in this prison is not provided at all.Thus, in its implementation there are many problems in activities to improve the correctional system by implementing the Law and Human Rights Regulation.
The POAC management theory approach (planning, organizing, actuating, controlling) is planning, organizing, driving and supervising.These four stages of the flow were originally put forward by Terry in 1958 in his book entitled Principles of Management: Planning is the selecting and relating of facts and the making and using of assumptions regarding the future in the visualization and formulation of proposed activities believed necessary to achieve desired results; Organizing is the establishment of effective behavioral relationships among persons so that they can work together effectively and gain personal satisfaction in doing selected tasks under given environmental conditions for the purpose of achieving some goal or objective; Actuating is setting all members of the group to want to achieve and to strike to achieve the objective willingly and keeping with the managerial planning and organizing efforts; Controlling is determining what is being established, that is, evaluating the performance and if necessary applying corrective measures so that the performance takes place according to plans (Sukarna, 2011, p. 10, 38, 82, 110) (Rahayu et al., 2021).From the quote above, it can be understood that according to Terry, planning is selecting and linking facts, forming and using assumptions related to the future in creating visualizations and formulating activities to achieve the desired results, organizing is building relationships between activity implementers, so that they work together effectively and obtain personal satisfaction in carrying out activities given to achieve goals, actuating is organizing all parties in the organization to achieve goals seriously and maintaining managerial planning and organizational efforts, and controlling or supervision is determining what being realized, namely evaluating performance and if necessary, implement corrective actions so that performance can run as planned (Rahayu et al., 2021).
Using the POAC management theory from Terry (1958), several main activities in the process of coaching and changing the treatment of high risk prisoners in the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Prison are as follows: 1).Planning for the implementation of improving the quality of services from correctional officers.Special treatment planning for high-level risk inmates at the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Nusakambangan Prison must be carried out very carefully and comply with legal and ethical standards in correctional institutions.The following are general steps to consider in planning special treatment for high-risk inmates: a) Risk and Security Evaluation.The first step is to carry out a risk evaluation for high-risk prisoners.This may involve an assessment of the criminal background, behavior inside and outside of prison, as well as the threat the inmate may pose to the safety of the public and correctional officers.b) Isolation: In some cases, high risk inmates may be isolated from other inmate populations; this may be done to prevent their negative influence on other inmates or to protect them from potential attacks by other inmates.c) Strict Supervision, high risk convicts must receive strict supervision.This may include the use of monitoring technology, 24-hour guarding, and psychological surveillance to identify changes in behavior that may be red flags.d) Special Rehabilitation Program: Even though high-risk prisoners may have a difficult track record, rehabilitation efforts must continue.Special rehabilitation programs, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, or skills training, should be provided.e) Psychologists and Counselling: High risk prisoners can benefit from regular counseling sessions and psychological support.This can help inmates overcome mental, emotional, or behavioral problems that may be risk factors.f) Personal Safety: The personal safety of high risk inmates must be considered.This includes strict supervision of personal belongings and regular checks to prevent the use of dangerous objects.g) Relationships with family and community.High risk prisoners' relationships with family and community must be closely monitored.This may involve supervised visits or limiting their interactions with the outside world.h) Providing Education and Training Providing education and training to high-risk prisoners can help them plan a better future after they are released.This may include job skills training, higher education, or other educational programs.i) Periodic Evaluation: Special treatment of high risk prisoners must be evaluated periodically to ensure its effectiveness and to assess whether there is a need for changes in the treatment strategy.j) Collaboration with External Parties: prisons can collaborate with external institutions and organizations, such as forensic psychologists, guidance institutions, and authorities, to optimize special treatment for high-risk prisoners.k) Justice and Human Rights: Throughout this special treatment process, it is important to ensure that the human rights of prisoners remain respected and that they are treated fairly and in accordance with applicable law.
2) Organizing the creation of activity schedules or employee implementation that must be followed in order to create maximum service Organizing special treatment for high-risk prisoners at the SMAX Class IIA Karanganyar Prison, Nusakambangan is a complex task and requires good planning.The steps involved in organizing this special treatment are: a) Formation of a Special Team: Form a special team or special unit within the correctional institution which will be responsible for organizing special treatment for high risk prisoners.This team should consist of correctional officers who are trained and experienced in managing high-risk prisoners, forensic psychologists, social workers, and medical personnel if necessary.b) Initial Evaluation: Conduct an initial evaluation of high risk prisoners to determine the level of risk and their needs.
This may involve a security assessment, mental health evaluation, and criminal background check.Community education provide education to the surrounding community about the steps taken to manage high risk prisoners safely.This can help the public understand your efforts to keep them safe.
Organizing special treatment for high-risk inmates requires good teamwork, proper training, and careful planning.The goal is to create a safe environment for high-risk inmates while paying attention to their rehabilitation and maintaining the safety of the surrounding community.
3).Implementation of activities is carried out in a monitored manner with more professional officers, and there is also an evaluation of each activity that has been completed.The implementation of special treatment for high-level risk inmates at the SMAX Class IIA Karanganyar Prison, Nusakambangan, must be carried out very carefully and based on plans that have been prepared.There are implementation stages that need to be considered: a) Facilities Readiness: Ensure that the special facilities or units that will be used for high-risk prisoners have been properly prepared.These facilities must meet high security standards and have the necessary equipment for supervision and monitoring.b) Transfer and Isolation.If high-risk prisoners must be transferred or isolated from another facility, ensure that the transfer process runs smoothly and safely.Provide seclusion that meets safety standards.c) Implementation of Special Treatment Programs: Start implementing special treatment programs that have been prepared, such as rehabilitation programs, individual or group counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, or other programs that suit the needs of each prisoner.d) Strict supervision: Carry out strict supervision of high-risk prisoners at all times by increasing the use of surveillance cameras, intensive guarding and continuous monitoring.e) Development Evaluation: During implementation, continue to evaluate the development of high risk prisoners, Identify changes in behavior or signs that may require additional action.f) Counseling and Psychological support: Ensure that high risk prisoners have access to counseling sessions and psychological support according to their needs.This is important for addressing mental health and behavioral issues.g) Team Collaboration.The team responsible for implementing special treatment must continue to communicate and work together to ensure the safety and development of prisoners.h) Security Management: Continue to manage facility security carefully.This involves regular inspection of facilities and preventing the entry of prohibited items.i) Inmate Education and Training provide educational and training opportunities to high-risk inmates so that they can prepare themselves for the future after release.This can help reduce the risk of recurrence.j) Commitment to Human Rights.During implementation, ensure that the human rights of prisoners are respected.
These include the right to privacy, respect for human dignity, and fair treatment.k) Documentation: Carry out accurate documentation of all activities and interactions with high risk prisoners.These are important notes that can be used as references and evidence if necessary.
l) Routine Evaluation: Carry out regular evaluations of this special treatment program to ensure effectiveness.Required changes must be implemented as needed.m) Community education: Continue to educate the surrounding community regarding the steps taken to manage highrisk prisoners safely and the efforts made to reintegrate them into society.n) It is important to carry out implementation with high integrity, transparency and prudence.Focus must be placed on the safety and rehabilitation of prisoners while ensuring that their rights are respected.In addition, continue to coordinate with relevant institutions and authorities to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of this special treatment program.
4).Monitoring evaluation and creating an attention report to find out what needs to be evaluated in order to provide maximum service.Monitoring and evaluation of special treatment for high-risk prisoners at the SMAX Class IIA Karanganyar Prison, Nusakambangan, is very important to ensure the success and effectiveness of the program.The following are several steps in carrying out monitoring and evaluation as follows: o) Identify Performance Indicators: Determine the performance indicators that will be used to measure the success of the program.These indicators should include aspects such as security, personal development of inmates, recidivism rates, and others relevant to the program's objectives.p) Plan an Evaluation Schedule for conducting program evaluations, such as every month, quarter, or yearly.The schedule should be flexible to allow for changes if necessary.q) Collect relevant data related to high-risk inmates, including security records, personal development, participation in rehabilitation programs, etc.This data can come from a variety of sources, including correctional officer reports, interviews with inmates, and medical records.r) Data analysis to identify trends and patterns that may emerge.Watch for changes in behavior or progress in the rehabilitation program.s) Security Evaluation: Review the security level of the facility and general security around high risk inmates.Check to see if there are any security incidents that need to be logged and resolved.t) Evaluation of the Rehabilitation Program that has been implemented.Are inmates following the program well?Are there any visible changes in their behavior and skills?u) Interviews with high risk prisoners to gain their views on the program and their conditions.This can provide valuable insight into the effectiveness of specific treatments.v) Sustainability Evaluation: Continuously review the program and ensure that the resources needed to run it remain available.w) Comparison with the objectives set for the special treatment program.Has the program achieved its stated objectives?x) Program Revision.If the evaluation shows weaknesses or expansion of the program, revise the program accordingly.
In some cases, major changes may be necessary to increase effectiveness.y) Reporting and Communication to the leadership of correctional institutions, related authorities and relevant parties.
Communicate findings and recommendations clearly and openly.z) Ensure follow-up is carried out on evaluation findings and recommendations.Follow-up should include necessary improvements and changes in programs and practices.aa) Continuous Improvement: Consider monitoring and evaluation implementation as a continuous process.Continue to improve the program based on the evaluation results and feedback received.
It is important to involve all parties involved in special treatment programs in the monitoring and evaluation process, including correctional officers, psychologists, social workers, and prisoners themselves.This way, you can ensure that the program runs according to expectations and provides the desired benefits.
High risk inmates must still be treated with respect because they are human beings.Humane treatment and compliance with the Special Treatment Policy are basic principles of the criminal justice system, as relevant by applicable international laws and regulations, from the first moment of entry into prison.To determine the classification of prisoners, which in turn influences the pattern of treatment that will be carried out in the future, the placement and level of security used, as well as the treatment needed for indications of violations and infectious diseases, is very important to carry out a risk and needs assessment by competent officials.
Prisoners based in the correctional system are categorized into three risk categories based on the level of potential danger: low, medium, and high.Based on reports from guardian officers, experts, Bapas, and the Correctional Observer Team, the Directorate General of Corrections decides which prisoners are considered to be at high risk.Upon entry, each prisoner must be assessed for potential danger to themselves or others, as well as any special requirements they may have.Prisoners' needs must be assessed so that they can be included in the social reintegration process, and appropriate steps must be taken to reduce potential harm.Each detainee must be categorized according to their criminal history, personality, and medical needs, then level of security and placement based on the results of the risk assessment.The placement and level of security of prisoners will be determined by the results of this risk assessment.Prisoners who are considered very dangerous are given the option of being placed in high security places, such as special cells, solitary confinement, or SMAX prison.The National Narcotics Agency, the National Counterterrorism Agency, and the Corruption Eradication Commission all made recommendations about high-risk prisoners who should be placed in SMAX Prison.
Correctional facilities serve as educational institutions and development institutions, honing ways to increase value for incarcerated individuals through enhanced inmate development programs.In other words, the primary role of correctional institutions is to provide educational and developmental opportunities for incarcerated individuals.The goals of a correctional institution cannot be achieved without coaching and placing prisoners who match these characteristics.The results of the assessment will determine which inmates will be classified in terms of security.High-risk inmates, like other inmates, must take steps to ensure the safety of themselves and others in their living arrangements.They must be placed in solitary confinement, away from the rest of the inmate population.
As stated by Farlex, criminogenic needs are dynamic risk factors that are directly related to criminal behavior and cause or shape criminal activity.To increase a person's chances of becoming infected or spreading disease is, by definition, engaging in risky behavior.Changes in the nature of crime, such as terrorism, drug trafficking or use, and corruption, have a significant impact on the policies and practices of the correctional system.Because of the potential for these criminals to become high-risk prisoners, classification must also be made on how prisoners are classified.It is very important to provide a transparent system in dealing with the treatment of prisoners because one of the principles of correctional institutions is that the state has no right to make someone worse or more evil than before they were in prison.The methods and procedures used to deal with inmates in prison have evolved in response to changes in criminals' modus operandi.Inmates are classified as "high risk," "medium risk," or "low risk" based on risk assessments conducted by correctional officers.This subset of risks requires a response or tailored treatment.
Prisoners who are considered high risk must meet these two criteria: Prisoners who meet the requirements of Qualification A have been designated as dangerous prisoners with a history of escape attempts, successful attempts to access weapons and explosives, and have influence within the correctional institution.Convicts with death or life sentences and proven to have tried to escape who were able to do so with or without the help of other people, as well as recidivists.The risk of transmitting the disease to other people due to an inmate suffering from HIV/AIDS, tubercolosis, Hepatitis, or other serious infectious diseases is assessed in Qualification B.
The SMAX Class IIA Karanganyar Nusakambangan Prison is where the Directorate General of Corrections decides on policies for accommodating high-risk prisoners.This facility is one of the correctional facilities that currently houses dangerous inmates.Upon arrival at a special facility or block, prisoners suspected of being High Risk Prisoners undergo initial data and information collection.The Head of Prisons can submit requests for prisoner qualifications based on the results of reports and assessments from guardians, experts, the Correctional Center and the Correctional Observer Team.The prison head, through the development division, will immediately issue an order to determine and appoint guardians for prisoners who are suspected of being high risk prisoners and are placed in special blocks.Legal guardians must have the necessary training and experience to handle inmates who are considered dangerous.At least the guardians have been specially trained to handle research involving dangerous prisoners.It is feared that the presence of high-risk prisoners in conventional prisons will disrupt the correctional development system and make fellow prisoners and officers uneasy, so they are taken to separate special facilities.
Initial information required by the Director General of Corrections Regulation Number: PAS.58.OT.03.01 of 2010 concerning Treatment Procedures for High Risk Prisoners includes research on life background, case background, relationship with family, existing networks, social background, and history.Employment, opinions of officials, medical history, and other information deemed important.Security measures are a fundamental factor that makes a difference in treating high-risk inmates.The current security system in prisons/detention centers consists of a) a static security system, which consists of buildings, infrastructure and other equipment used to block, monitor, delay, stop and minimize attempts at disturbances by inmates; b) a dynamic security system, which aims to establish good and correct interaction relations between officers and prisoners/detainees in residential blocks based on respect for human rights.Controlling inmates' communication access, monitoring their whereabouts and activities, and enforcing a room locking system are part of implementing this security system.These three layers of protection must be carried out together to foster a livable or humane environment and conditions.A good and consistently implemented security system, as well as good professional relationships between prisoners and officers, are very important to prevent prisoners from escaping.Prisoners' fundamental freedoms and human rights must be balanced with the need for legitimate security measures.Prisoners' rights must be upheld as long as they are their rights.Correctional Institution security officers will carry out additional or special guarding and monitoring for prisoners identified as being at high risk.Every prisoner has the right to be placed in a facility with security conditions based on the level of risk that exists while maintaining human dignity.High-risk inmates are trained using established training programs.The goal of a mentoring program is to reduce the likelihood that incarcerated individuals will engage in violent or inappropriate behavior or that they will commit new crimes upon release.Rehabilitation and restrictions aimed at reducing this risk continue to be monitored and implemented.
Prisoners who pose a high or significant risk can be treated in three ways: First, the Correctional Institution carries out an initial assessment (The Head of the Correctional Institution is responsible for the results of the assessment) within one month after the prisoner is received and oriented, taking into account recommendations from the prisoner's guardian, correctional center, and other sources.Second, the Directorate carries out evaluations every year to analyze and review the type of treatment of prisoners with significant risks.Third, regional offices or directorates request that a special assessment be carried out in order to review changes in the status of high-risk prisoners based on evidence of an increase or decrease in security risks.Only a small percentage of inmates are housed in maximum security prisons so inmates' risk levels need to be evaluated and reassessed.High-risk inmates should be housed separately from other inmates in special prisons (one person per cell) to prevent them from corrupting or influencing the behavior of other inmates because, basically, the state does not have the right to make someone more evil or worse than before.In order for this principle to be put into practice, there must be a transparent system for how prisoners are treated, including training officers, establishing clear regulatory provisions, providing adequate infrastructure and accommodation, fulfilling financial obligations and transparent management.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the discussion above, it can be concluded that hat the governance of the SMAX Class IIA Karang Anyar Prison, Nusakambangan Indonesia, with the implementation of this revitalization, has had a negative impact on the training and treatment patterns for high risk prisoners.The findings show that the coaching pattern is not implemented optimally in prisons.
Coaching just by listening to the audio of the national songs, tightening the one man one cell occupancy room.Then, freedom of movement was not given on the grounds that it could endanger officers and other prisoners.So guidance is needed that can work together with related parties such as the National Counter-Terrorism Agency, the National Narcotics Agency, the Anti-Corruption Agency, and their families as well as other institutions related to handling these prisoners.This research is still limited because it looks at the current conditions with research time being an obstacle and not being able to interact optimally in the interaction process with high risk prisoners.It is hoped that in future research the research will be deepened by looking at other social aspects such as psychology, anthropology, criminology and other fields that help in providing treatment and coaching interventions for high-risk prisoners.
Arif Budiman's research with the title Empirical Analysis of Information Technology Governance Conditions at the Directorate General of Corrections published in the Bianglala Informatics Journal Vol 3 No 2 September 2015 (Budiman, 2015) that the need for equitable distribution of human resources quality in all Correctional in Indonesia both in the urban and remote areas, it is known that the condition of Information Technology Governance in UPT in Indonesia's western region is getting attention from the central office than the eastern part of Indonesia, and Correctional,s in Sulawesi and parts of Sumatra should be given priority in the improvement of information technology governance.Research by Imaduddin Hamzah et al., entitled: The Comparison Of Contact with inmates, Risk Perception And Mental Health Of Officers In a Correctional Institution With Different Levels of Security.Budi Priyatmono's research, entitled Politics of Law in the Management of Prisons and Detention Centers in Indonesia, in the Journal of Correctional Issues (JCI) Vol. 1 Number 3 ) Preparing a Special Treatment Program.Based on the results of the initial evaluation, formulate a special treatment program that is tailored to the needs of each prisoner.This may include rehabilitation programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, or other programs designed to reduce risk.e)Supervision and Security: Ensure strict supervision and security throughout the special treatment process.This includes the use of monitoring technology, tightened safeguards, and intensive surveillance.f)Educationand Training for Officers, training correctional officers who will work with high-risk prisoners.They must understand their duties well, including how to identify signs of danger and how to manage situations that may arise while carrying out their duties.g) Inter-Team Communication: Ensure effective communication between team members involved in organizing special treatment.It is important to share information about developments and changes that occur in high-risk prisoners.h) Routine Evaluation and Revision: Carry out routine evaluations of this special treatment program.Identify what works and what needs improvement.Revise the program according to the changing needs and risks of inmates.i) External Collaboration: Collaborate with external institutions such as forensic psychologists, guidance institutions, or research institutions that can provide additional insight and support.j) Justice and Human Rights: During the entire process of this special treatment, ensure that the human rights of prisoners are respected and that they are treated in accordance with applicable law.k) Accurate documentation.It is important to document each step in organizing this special treatment accurately and in detail.This documentation can serve as a reference for evaluation and legal action if necessary.l) c) Safe isolation.If necessary, high risk inmates can be isolated from the rest of the inmate population in a special secure facility.This can help in reducing potential threats to other inmates.d