Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Traceability using SAP Business Network: A Framework for End-to-End Transparency and Fraud Prevention

Abstract

Contemporary supply chains operate within increasingly complex environments where traditional enterprise resource planning architectures struggle to deliver comprehensive traceability and data immutability across geographically dispersed networks. This article investigates the integration of blockchain technology with SAP Business Network to address persistent challenges in supply chain transparency, fraud prevention, and regulatory compliance. The integration framework explores architectural patterns connecting SAP Business Technology Platform with enterprise blockchain frameworks, including Hyperledger Fabric, examining how distributed ledger technology complements existing SAP capabilities through immutable transaction recording, smart contract automation, and cryptographic verification mechanisms. Empirical applications across pharmaceutical, food and agriculture, aerospace, and luxury goods sectors demonstrate measurable improvements in counterfeit detection, recall efficiency, authentication accuracy, and consumer trust. The article offers technical integration models such as middleware-based event translation, hybrid visibility designs coupling SAP Global Track and Trace with blockchain authentication, and in-app blockchain capability in SAP Fiori applications. Implementation issues touching on data privacy, scalability constraints, interoperability needs, and consortium governance are given a thorough evaluation together with countermeasures. The model offers prescriptive advice for organizations considering blockchain adoption in SAP environments, covering both technical requirements and organizational readiness drivers necessary for effective deployment.