Detection of Catalase and 4-Hydroxynonenal as Detective Biomarkers in Iraqi Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Early diagnosis is critical for improving treatment outcomes. The objective of this study is to determine and examine catalase (CAT) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) markers as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection in Iraqi breast cancer. A case-control study of 150 participants was further divided into 75 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer and 75 healthy controls. In the present study, blood samples were collected for the determination of serum CAT and 4-HNE levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The biochemical markers urea and creatinine were determined by automated Cobas c311. Hemoglobin concentration (HB)-and total white blood cell (WBC) count was done by an automated hematology analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 24, where receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess diagnostic performance. CAT activity was significantly reduced in the patient group (6.07±1.19 pg/ml) compared to controls (12.11±2.74 pg/ml), while 4-HNE was significantly elevated in the patient group (11.43±2.41 pg/ml) compared to control (3.83±1.02 pg/ml). Among hematology analyzer, there was a significant difference in HB and WBC between patients and controls. Roc analyses demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% for CAT and 98% for 4-HNE. Reduced serum levels of CAT and elevated 4-HNE levels in Iraqi breast cancer may serve as new diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer, highlighting their role in disease progression.