Review of the Factors Leading to Corruption in Russia

Abstract

This article examines the major factors leading to corruption in Russia. We explore the historical, economic, social, political, and cultural factors influencing the formation and strengthening of corrupt practices. To this end, the impact of the Soviet era and periods of transformation on management structures and public mentality, creating the preconditions for corruption, is examined in the context of history. In the economic aspect, the lack of competition, inefficiency of the labor market and weakened property protection, which contribute to corruption schemes in public institutions, are discussed. The educational and cultural systems are investigated in the context of the formation of the mentality of society and its attitude towards corruption. Insufficient attention to ethics in education and the normalization of corrupt practices in culture can help maintain corruption. When analyzing the structural features of public administration, problems in the system of control, transparency and responsibility are identified that pose a threat to the effective fight against corruption. Political aspects, including the lack of separation of powers and the presence of corrupt political elites, which may contribute to corruption at the decision-making level, are also explored. We proposed theories of historical/political influences on corruption and the theory of the control and responsibility system.