Transboundary Water Governance: Legal Challenges in Regulating International Rivers and Seas in the Context of Climate Change and Geopolitical Conflicts

Abstract

This research focused on transboundary water governance as a legal and governance framework for the use of international rivers and seas. It showed that it is founded on important legal principles, in particular equitable and reasonable use and the prohibition of significant harm. It also demonstrated that climate change has led to water scarcity and variability, making it more difficult to manage for states.The study also focused on geopolitical disputes making water a very sensitive issue in international politics. It explained the function of international treaties in managing the use of shared water resources, which are often ineffective. It also noted the role of international cooperation and water diplomacy in preventing conflicts and ensuring sustainability. It also found that there is a need to create legal mechanisms to address modern environmental and geopolitical issues.