International Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies
International Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies (ISSN: 2752-9894) is an interdisciplinary scholarly journal published by Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development. The principal aim of the journal is to promote critical investigation into all aspects of the study of religion and culture, particularly from scholars with an innovative and multidisciplinary focus. All research articles published in this journal undergo a rigorous peer-review process, based on initial editor screening and anonymised refereeing by at least two anonymous referees. The journal provides free and open access to all of its content on our website.
Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development
Samāʿ in Sufi and Mystical Thought: A Study of Its Status and Significance
Sama' (spiritual audition/listening) is one of the most debated and complex concepts in Islamic mysticism and Sufism. This term encompasses a variety of meanings and objectives, with universal agreement on the permissibility and endorsement of some of its forms; such as listening to the Noble Qur'an. Listening to poetry, however, is a matter on which opinions can be expressed, taking into consideration the content, the manner of its performance, who recites it and how, the state and qualities of the listener, and the goal he seeks. The most controversial type of Sama' is that in which poetry is recited in a melodious voice accompanied by instruments of entertainment and music. Jurists, religious scholars, and leading Sufis have presented diverse opinions on this matter – with consideration given to circumstances, qualities, times, and occasions – highlighting the complexity of the subject. The most important, complex, and contentious type of Sama' is that which is accompanied by musical instruments, presented as "Sama' of the Sufis," which some have considered an act of worship and a means of drawing closer to God. Such Sama' is entirely rejected by jurists, and most major Sufis also deemed it impermissible and reprehensible (makruh); except for a few who considered it permissible, and that too under specific conditions.
Sama' (Spiritual Audition/Listening), Ghina' (Singing), Tarab (Musical Ecstasy/Emotional Excitement), Wajd (Ecstatic State/Spiritual Rapture), Poetry, Sufism, Worship.
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The jurisprudential Perspective in Al-Ayyashi's Interpretation: Acts of Worship as a Model
This research examines the jurisprudential perspective in al-Ayyashi's exegesis by analyzing selected verses related to worship, which formed a central focus of his narrative-based exegetical approach. Al-Ayyashi's exegesis is distinguished as one of the earliest Imami commentaries that relied on direct narration in explaining legal rulings. The commentator presented the verse and then cited relevant texts narrated from the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) to interpret its legal implications, particularly in areas of worship such as purification, prayer, fasting, zakat, and Hajj. This research aims to uncover the jurisprudential features of the discourse on worship in al-Ayyashi's exegesis by tracing his use of narrations, the patterns of interpretation he employed in linking verses to the system of legal rulings, and the extent of his contribution to the development of early Imami jurisprudence. The research also explores the influence of the scholarly environment in Samarkand and the breadth of al-Ayyashi's sources of narration on the formation of his jurisprudential perspective, especially regarding matters of worship that require detailed explanation from the infallible Imams. The study reveals that al-Ayyashi presented a distinctive jurisprudential exegesis model in the chapter on acts of worship. He relied on explaining the rationale behind rulings, clarifying their limits, and linking them to the Sunnah transmitted from the Imams, without resorting to personal opinion or independent reasoning. This made his exegesis an important reference for preserving the narrative-based jurisprudential heritage. The research concludes that al-Ayyashi's exegesis represents an authentic source for understanding the structure of worship jurisprudence among the Imamiyyah in the early centuries, and that the examples of worship clearly reveal his methodology of Qur'anic deduction based on the infallible narrations as the center of legislative meaning.
Jurisprudential perspective, al-Ayyashi's exegesis, acts of worship, Imami jurisprudence, narrative-based exegesis, Qur'anic legislation
Social Control and Its Effects on the Socialization Process in the City of Kufra
Social control is considered an essential need for social life and one of the factors that contribute to the continuity of human existence. Human societies cannot live collectively unless human behavior is subject to social systems that guide individuals' behaviors, regulate human interaction, and strengthen human relations, enabling individuals to live in peace and tranquility, with mutual respect, appreciation, and a sense of security. This research seeks to examine social control and its impact on the process of social upbringing. The researcher relied on the social survey approach, which was applied to a sample of families the Alkufra city in Libya, which amounted to 120 individuals, using the questionnaire tool as a means of collecting data in the research. The research revealed that parents' preferred approach to upbringing is strictness, with the mother identified as the primary caregiver responsible for overseeing children within the family. The findings indicated that the relationship between the sample participants and their children was generally typical, depending on the surrounding circumstances. The research also showed that the participants resort to verbal discipline (such as blaming and reprimanding) when their children exhibit incorrect behavior. Additionally, the results confirmed that the participants allow their children to express their opinions at home and that they are involved in guiding their children's behavior.
Social control – socialization – alkufra city
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Psychological and Social Effects Resulting from The Phenomenon of Divorce: A Case Study On a Sample of Divorced Women in The City of Kufra
The study aims to identify society's view of the absolute woman from the point of view of the absolute, as well as to identify the social and psychological effects of divorce on the divorced woman from the point of view of the absolute where the study sample consisted of 5 divorced women and the sample of the snowball was used. After applying the questionnaire form on them, the study reached several results, including that all cases have a feeling of doubt about the motives and behavior of those around them. The study also found that all cases suffer from their inability to form friendship with others. They also suffer from discomfort and lack of psychological calm as a result of their divorce. The results also showed that most cases suffer from lack of self -confidence and suffer from anxiety over the future in a way that threatens their lives. The study also found that most of the studied cases suffer from caution and anxiety.
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Quranic Approaches to Preventing Moral and Social Deviations Among Youth
This study examines the Quranic approaches to preventing moral and social deviations among youth, analyzing the effective methods for addressing these deviations based on religious teachings. Moral deviations refer to behaviors that oppose social norms and ethical principles, potentially leading to individual and societal harm. In this regard, the Quran, as the primary reference for guiding humans toward a moral life, places significant emphasis on controlling human instincts and purifying the soul. Quranic teachings, such as adherence to piety, rationality, and balance in fulfilling personal needs, can play a key role in preventing moral and social deviations. Islam, as a comprehensive religion, addresses all aspects of human life, and consequently, the Quranic solutions for preventing moral and social deviations among youth are holistic and all-encompassing. These solutions include a focus on religious education, strengthening faith, avoiding harmful environments, and fostering positive motivations in young people. This research, through an analysis of Quranic concepts, investigates these methods and their impact on reducing social and moral deviations among youth. The goal of this study is to highlight the role of Quranic teachings in preventing moral and social deviations in young people and to introduce practical solutions that can be effective for educational and social institutions. The research aims to provide actionable recommendations for combating social harm and enhancing the ethics of youth through the application of religious principles.
Understanding The Meaning of Garuda in Bali in The Perspective Thought of Postmodernism
The purpose of this article is to understand the meaning of garuda in Bali Island, Indonesia from the perspective of postmodernism. So far, garuda in Balinese art and culture has rarely paid attention to the meaning behind the meaning of the use of garuda motifs in all aspects of contemporary Balinese society. Garuda in all aspects of life in Bali is highly respected and contains certain meanings. The meanings contained in the symbolization of garuda have various interpretations, depending on the subject of society that interprets this garuda. This is related to the culture of the use of bird symbols. From the description above, the method used to answer several problems in understanding the meaning of garuda in Bali from the perspective of postmodernism is with the library method and field survey to see directly about the motifs of garuda forms. library method by applying understandings from postmodern thinking to understand the meaning of garuda in Bali. For that, it is still necessary to observe more deeply so that the meaning behind the meaning of garuda can be understood more deeply. Based on the description above, it turns out that understanding the meaning of garuda in Bali from the perspective of postmodernist figures is very interesting. This interest is because each postmodernist thought contains a specific understanding to be able to analyse more deeply the meaning behind the meaning of garuda in Bali.
Understanding, meaning, garuda, perspective, postmodernism
One God, Many Perspectives: A Comparative Study of Monotheism in Abrahamic Religions from an Islamic Viewpoint
The concept of God is central to the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, each of which upholds the belief in a single, supreme deity. However, the definition and interpretation of God vary significantly across these faiths. This study conducts a comparative theological analysis from an Islamic perspective of how these religions define and conceptualize God. Using scriptural analysis as the primary method, this research examines the attributes, nature, and theological significance of “God” as presented in the sacred scriptures. The study identifies common themes such as the oneness of God, divine attributes, worship practices, and interfaith dialogue. By exploring these variations and similarities from an Islamic viewpoint, this paper argues that a well-informed understanding of different religious perspectives on God can foster interfaith dialogue and communal harmony in society. The findings contribute to comparative theology by providing a framework for engaging with diverse theological traditions while respecting the unique beliefs of different religious practices.
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On the Difference Between Reminding and Remembering: How God Is Recalled In The Brain
The survey investigates the significant gap between Faith and Belief, using the conceptual distinction between Human and Man, highlighting the importance of divine reminding over mere remembering. The existence of a distinct genetic code in Humans known as Post Man Human (PMH) is proposed, which allows for a closer relationship with God, in contrast to men's materialistic character. The concept of the sacrificial mind, or "HU", is introduced as a key component of divine reminder that leads to spiritual ascent. The subject then shifts to the history of religious thought, stating that whereas religious systems emphasize memory and historical renewal, Faith is a direct, uncalculated link to God, that fosters love and mercy. I discuss the idea that God's presence transcends individual religious contexts, and argue that the actual essence of divinity can be comprehended through the oneness of diverse religious experiences. It is suggested that, while religious Beliefs and rituals are embedded in specific historical and cultural settings, the Human brain is predisposed to seek a higher power. This search stems from a pre existing ability to comprehend the divine, which develops alongside Human cognitive development. Unlike Belief systems, Faith does not rely on the brain's cognitive processes of memory and judgment, but rather, provides a direct spiritual connection that overcomes these constraints. This divine reminder method is viewed as a technique to avoid the confines of time, place and cognitive limitations, resulting in a more profound and immediate spiritual experience.
Preserving and Promoting Good Values of Mother Goddess Worship in Viet Nam Today
This article aims to find out good values of Mother Goddess worship as well as some shortcomings and limitations arisen from the practice of Mother Goddess worship in Vietnam. At the same time, it proposes solutions to preserve and promote the good values of Mother Goddess worship in Vietnam in the coming time. Good values of Mother Goddess worship and shortcomings and limitations arisen from the practice of Mother Goddess worship in Vietnam have been identified. Then, solutions to preserve and promote the good values of Mother Goddess worship in Vietnam in the coming time are given.
Mother Goddess worship, good values, Vietnam
The Qualities of a Righteous Wife in Islamic Law
This research presents an in-depth study on the qualities of a righteous wife in Islamic jurisprudence, which are considered important foundations for ensuring family stability and happiness, and strengthening the bonds between spouses. The research problem was identified in the extent of the importance of the wife's commitment to these qualities according to Islamic law to achieve marital happiness. The research aims to identify and clarify the qualities that a righteous wife should possess, such as obedience in what is known, keeping money and secrets, good morals and manners, and the skill of raising children. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach by reviewing the legal texts in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and analyzing the opinions of jurists from the four schools of thought to highlight the importance of these qualities. The results showed that the aforementioned qualities play a fundamental role in achieving psychological and social security within the family, and contribute to building a relationship based on mutual respect and trust, and are also a major factor in preparing a cohesive generation that carries Islamic values. The research concluded that the qualities of a good wife according to Islamic jurisprudence are not merely moral qualities, but are necessary criteria for establishing a stable marital life and a cohesive society. Thus, the importance of enhancing these qualities in wives to achieve the objectives of marriage in Islam of affection, mercy, and stability is highlighted.
The topic of divorce via modern communication methods has garnered significant attention from contemporary jurists. This refers to the dissolution of marriage through a phone call, an email, a text message, or other modern means. Such divorces have become common in today's society, raising questions about their validity. This article aims to explore whether divorce can be effectively executed through these modern communication channels, relying on credible evidence. The study adopts an analytical approach, examining the legal rulings regarding this matter in juristic literature and the opinions of scholars, particularly contemporary ones. The research concludes with several key findings. 1- There is a disagreement among jurists regarding the necessity of witness testimony and documentation in divorce. The majority hold that it is not obligatory, although it is recommended, while some believe it is mandatory. The prevailing view supports the majority due to the strength of their evidence. 2- Jurists differ on the validity of divorce through these means, categorizing opinions into three main perspectives (a) Divorce is valid unconditionally, (b) Divorce through these methods is prohibited and (c) and Divorce through modern means is permissible under certain conditions, particularly when necessary. Upon examining the evidence for these perspectives, it appears that the third opinion is the most credible.
Witness testimony, divorce, dissolution, writing, modern communication methods
Investigating the Harms and Solutions of Language Harassments in Quran and Sunnah
In today's world, one of the biggest social challenges is the harm caused by wrong speech. Language harassment brings irreparable legal and psychological harm. The Holy Qur'an and Prophetic Sunnah, as two authentic sources of Islam, have stated the principles of prohibiting language harassment, its harms and factors, and recommended solutions for people's mental health. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and the method of collecting library information, has explained the subject of "examining the harms and solutions of language problems in the Qur'an and Sunnah". The findings of the research have shown that Islam by presenting Islamic moral and legal the ability of this research to create a healthy society and away from language damage. While examining the mental injuries caused by language harassment, it has also addressed the individual and social rights of the victims of this injury and has provided practical solutions to prevent and reduce this phenomenon. According to the teachings of Quran and Sunnah, it can be concluded that controlling the language and good speech is considered as one of the basic principles in personal and social ethics. Being aware of language damage and following Islamic solutions can help create healthier relationships and a society based on respect and love.
mental injuries, harassment, individual rights, Islamic ethics, healthy society
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Economic solutions of the Holy Quran for the establishment of Islamic society
The goal of humanity's creation is to reach perfection and happiness, and human beings reach this growth and excellence as a result of their effort in the context of society by following the rules and orders of God. If the society enjoys perfect health, free from challenges, it will be easier and faster to follow the path of happiness and perfection. In his incomparable book (Holy Qur'an), the Almighty God considers usury, bribery, extravagance, waste, hoarding, underselling, etc. as the most important problems and deals with eradicating society's challenges, including economic challenges, in a very effective and specialized way. The Holy Quran fights against the problems of the society both by creating culture and by laying down economic rules, and by healthy education and personality development of the people of the society, through religious beliefs and convictions, it encourages people to take steps towards the growth and elevation of the economic culture of the society, and strive for the economic health of society. The method presented by the Holy Qur'an has significantly reduced the costs of the economic administration of the communities, and with the personality development that it applies, it leads the society to the highway of happiness and perfection in the best possible way, and the Holy Qur'an is the guidance that can guide mankind, reach the intended destination. The present research tries to express the challenges and obstacles of economic development and to explain proper ways of doing things for economic development from the perspective of the Holy Quran. He should also express the economic issues that exist in the Holy Qur'an and introduce the excellence and superiority of the teachings of this divine book more and more.
economy, development, society, challenge, solution, Holy Quran
Zakat al-‘Urud and How It Is Performed in Islamic jurisprudence
This research addresses the importance of Zakat al-‘Urud (commercial goods) and its obligation, with a focus on the Islamic legal evidence that proves its mandate in Islam. The researchers review the opinions of scholars from different Islamic schools of thought regarding the conditions for Zakat al-‘Urud and explain how it can be applied in practice. Additionally, the research discusses the doubts raised about the obligation of this form of zakat. In conclusion, the research clarifies how to calculate Zakat al-‘Urud and the rights of the poor related to it.
Zakat, Commercial Goods, Islamic Fiqh, Contemporary
The Effect of Qassama in Proving Murders of Unknown Killers
This study aims to investigate the effect of Qassama in proving murders of unknown killers. It is used to prove the murder of unknown killers if the victim is found in mysterious circumstances. The study deals with: the meaning of Qassama, its legitimacy, the wisdom of its legislation, its formula, and is itevidence of proof or denial? Does it require retaliation or blood money? The conditions for itsobligation, and who swears it? This is for the purpose of knowing the usefulness of Qassama in provingmurders of unknown killers. The study followed the analytical inductive approach, and the study cameout with the following: 1-God Almighty has honored man, and charged him with the responsibility of building theuniverse, and has forbidden his killing in all heavenly laws except with right. 2- Death is the fate of all creatures and nothing will remain in this universe except Allah, theAlmighty, the Creator of everything. Death is inevitable, a predetermined term, and apredestined place from which no creature can escape or flee, wherever it may be. However,death by the action of an agent is what the Sharia has forbidden and prohibited. 3-Islamic Sharia has paid great attention to human life and has guaranteed him the guarantees, controls, and rules that enable him to live with his brother in this universe in order to developit. Therefore, it has prohibited killing him except for a just cause. 4- Although crimes are generally proven by general methods of proof, murder crimes are unique among other crimes in a specific type of proof, which is the oath in murder crimes where thekiller is unknown, because the blood of an innocent human being is not wasted.5- Using Qasama as a special evidence contributes greatly to resolving murder cases that are registered against unknown persons in the records of the Public Prosecution, the Police andthe Judiciary.6- Using Qasama as a special evidence in murder cases where the killer is unknown contributes greatly to fighting crime because the perpetrator does not escape punishment. Based on these results, the study recommended the following: 1- Informing and educating society about the sanctity of human blood, and reminding them ofthe worldly and otherworldly punishments, in addition to the seriousness of this crime, askilling one person leads to killing a group. 2- Informing and educating society that whoever contributed to uncovering the killers hascontributed to the stability of society. 3- Informing and educating society that whoever contributed to extinguishing the sedition of murder is as if he contributed to reviving all people.4- The necessity of including (Qasama) in the legislation and laws of proof alongside general methods of proof, due to its importance in uncovering the killers in a way that is the easiestamong the general methods of proof.
The aim of the current study is to give the reader a comprehensive perception of the security contract in terms of its legitimacy pillars conditions types and provisions. It was attempted to discover the attitudes of scholars on this issue by presenting their trends and evidences with comparison and weighting. Qualitative approach was considered to reach this goal. First explained secondly the sharia texts and how scholars infer from the texts about the subject. Therefore the importance of this research comes as an attempt to clarify these rulings in Islamic sharia and the controls set by the Al-hakim lawgiver with applications to some contemporary standards the most important results obtained through this investigation are that Islamic jurisprudence has solid scientific foundation that can codify international relations. It benefits from the rules and rulings issued by international rulings. Then presents them to sharia law and adds to them what is consistent with the spirit of Islamic legislation. Such as wideness justice and forgiveness. Safety is a contract that indicates abandonment of fighting with warriors. If any of the enemy combatants asks for safety and it is accepted it is safe and it is not permissible to attack it in any way. Just as the imam provides security for an unspecified group, Individual Muslims are able to secure a limited number of fighters. And the contract of security from the side of the trustworthy is a non-binding contract but from the side of the Muslim believer, it is binding, according to the more correct opinion, and this contract results in effects, the most important of which are the rights of the person entrusted over the people of Dar al-Islam, such that some of them relate to the Islamic government and some of them are entrusted to the individuals in society, as well as the aspect related to Muslims and the Islamic state.
Trust Security, Deposit, Public Safety and Private Security
Exploration of the Formation and Cultural Essence of Qiang Ethnic Architectural Features from the Perspective of Cultural Geography: A Case Study of the Qiang Villages in the Lower Reaches of Zagunao River
This study aims to explore the influence of geographical environment on cultural formation from the perspective of cultural geography theory, and to explore the impact of geographical environment and culture generated by geographical environment on architecture. This will help to understand the process and characteristics of Qiang architectural formation in western China, as well as its cultural connotations. The study reveals the uniqueness of Qiang architecture formed under complex social historical backgrounds such as ethnic migration, natural topography, and climatic conditions, and the social customs, beliefs, and cultural connotations reflected in Qiang architecture. This study explores the factors affecting the formation of Qiang architectural characteristics from the aspects of ethnic migration, ecological and geographical environment, changes in agricultural types, integration of Han, Tibetan cultures, and Qiang culture, and explores the historical evolution, rich ethnic beliefs, and cultural connotations of Qiang from the perspectives of building materials, spatial design, and decorative art. The research results are of great significance for understanding the inheritance and development of Qiang culture in modern contexts, protecting the "original flavor" of architectural forms and patterns, villagers' lifestyles, natural environment, and humanistic environment.
Geographical environment, Qiang culture Formation, Ethnic Migration
Misyār Marriage and Its Rules According to Contemporary Jurists
The term "Misyār marriage" refers to a type of marriage characterized by the husband often visiting the wife periodically, similar to visiting neighbors. The word "Misyār" is derived from "sīr," which means movement and passage. It is a colloquial term used to denote the situation in which a man marries in a city he passes through while traveling for trade or seeking knowledge, where the wife resides during his study or business. Misyār marriage fulfills all the pillars and conditions of a legitimate marriage, but with a significant difference: the wife waives some of her rights, such as the right to financial support, housing, and overnight accommodation, under the marriage contract. This type of marriage has become common today due to the illegitimacy of temporary marriage in Sunni communities. Misyār marriage is considered a form of marriage that emerged in the modern era and has spread in some Islamic countries among Sunnis, which is why it has been subject to criticism and study by scholars and jurists. There is a divergence of opinion among contemporary Sunni scholars regarding the ruling on Misyār marriage; some consider it permissible, while others regard it as forbidden, and some reject its ruling and call for its cessation. Some scholars view Misyār marriage as valid and legitimate, but there is variation in opinions regarding its conditions. Some believe that all the conditions of this marriage are valid, while others argue that the essence of Misyār marriage is correct, but they added conditions-such as the waiver of the rights to financial support and overnight accommodation-are invalid, and the wife should demand these rights. Furthermore, some scholars call for the husband to fulfill his responsibilities towards the wife and to manage marital affairs with the utmost seriousness to resolve life problems. Proponents of this view often express reservations about Misyār marriage, suggesting that its permissibility comes with a degree of disapproval. On the other hand, the majority of earlier scholars and many later scholars have ruled it as forbidden, reflecting a clear variation in jurisprudential Ijtihad regarding this issue.
Identity and Belonging in Multicultural Contexts: Navigating Complex Dynamics
Dealing with identity and belonging in multicultural societies means zooming out the entire relevant perspectives to understand how individuals in such contexts foresee themselves and their sense of belonging while struggling to fit into their geographical sphere’s complicated structure. Accordingly, this study navigates the multifaceted and complex notion of multiculturalism by examining the way individuals feel about who they are while being personally triggered by living within the ambivalence of various linguistic mediums, traditions, and lifestyles. Hence, it delves in-depth into the feeling of divergence and the mix of the desire to melt in and the desire to preserve one’s own authentic culture. Integrating quantitative and qualitative insights, it forges a clear vision of identity formation and belonging in pluralistic societies. Besides, relying on studies carried out in sociology and psychology, it underlines the nuanced interplay between individual identity and collective belonging, which unravels how social structures influence personal perceptions of the self and community integration within multicultural environments. Thus, it demonstrates that harmonizing different cultural affiliations to foster inclusive communities encounters complex challenges, promoting a reconsideration of identity frameworks. Ultimately, proving that hybrid identity construction and belonging have implications, especially in terms of social acceptance and collective flourishing. Thus, it concludes that approaching the issue of identity and belonging entails seeing it as not only a physical experience, but also a social and emotional struggle to identify the self.
Identity formation, multiculturalism, hybrid identity, social acceptance, ambivalence, pluralistic societies
The Social Factors of Unity According to the Prophetic Tradition
Unity and solidarity in society are fundamental principles in Islam, strongly emphasized in the Prophetic tradition. This article examines the social factors of unity in society from the perspective of the Prophetic tradition and highlights the role of these factors in creating and maintaining cohesion and integration in the Islamic community. By analyzing the Hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), roles such as faith, brotherhood, justice, consultation, cooperation with others, and tolerance are examined.The main question of this research is: What are the social factors of unity in society according to the Proph etic tradition? The present study aims to achieve the main objective: identifying the social factors of unity in society according to the Prophetic tradition. This research is of an applied type and has been conducted using the library method. The statistical population is the Prophetic tradition, and the sample consists of Hadiths related to unity and solidarity. The important findings of this research show that faith, brotherhood, good morals, justice, consultation, tolerance, and cooperation with others play a crucial and fundamental role in creating unity and cohesion in society.
Factors, Society, Unity, Prophetic Tradition
The Resonance of Doomsday in Abdurrahman Shiddiq’s Poetry and its Relevance to the Qur'an
This paper examines the resonance of the apocalypse in Abdurrahman Shiddiq's poetry and its relevance to the Qur'an. The problem raised is how the concept of doomsday described in Abdurrahman Shiddiq's poetry is in harmony with the teachings of the Qur'an. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the representation of the apocalypse in poetry and find the relevance and harmony with the verses of the Qur'an. The research method used is a qualitative method with a contextual thematic approach. The primary data used are Abdurrahman Shiddiq's poetries related to the theme of doomsday, while secondary data include Qur'anic commentaries and relevant literature. The analysis was conducted by comparing the description of the apocalypse in the poems with Qur'anic verses as well as examining scholars' interpretations of the theme. The results of the analysis show that Abdurrahman Shiddiq's poetries reflect a deep understanding of the concept of doomsday that is in line with the teachings of the Qur'an. The poetries contain strong moral and spiritual messages, reminding humanity of the coming of the Day of Judgment and the importance of living life with an awareness of the afterlife. This finding confirms that literature can be an effective medium for conveying religious messages that are relevant to sacred texts.
Poetry, Doomsday, Abdurrahman Shiddiq, Al-Qur'an
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies
A Distortion of Eid Al-Fitr Traditions in an Indonesian Short Story
This research aims to clarify the inaccuracies in A.A. Navis's short fiction. The study utilizes a descriptive qualitative methodology, employing a mimetic approach and critical reading of the short tale "Tamu Yang Datang Di Hari Lebaran" by A.A. Navis to gather data. The narrative is a reflection of reality in Indonesian culture. Using a mimetic technique, the researcher analyzed the short tale "Tamu Yang Datang Di Hari Lebaran" by A.A. Navis and concluded that there are two types of mimesis. First, A.A. Navis' short narrative "Tamu Yang Datang Di Hari Lebaran" highlights several societal aspects, such as (1) the custom of returning home for Eid, (2) the halal bihalal customs, (3) the avarice of the powerful. Second, the social phenomena in A.A. Navis's short novel "Tamu Yang Datang Di Hari Lebaran" are distorted; they include the interpretation of Eid customs and the moral and social standards of officials who take advantage of their positions. Mimetic theory may, therefore, be used to study the short tale.
Mimetic distortion, Eid traditions, Short story, Social phenomena
The Concept of "Istihalah" (Transformation) in Islamic Jurisprudence and Its Contemporary Applications
This article explores the concept of "istihalah" (transformation) in Islamic jurisprudence and its contemporary applications. Istihalah is defined as the change in the essence and attributes of a substance, transforming it into a different entity with new properties, whether through natural processes or chemical reactions. The article discusses the jurisprudential disagreement regarding whether istihalah can be a means of purifying impurities. While jurists agree that pure food becomes impure when it transforms into feces or urine, they differ in their ruling on the opposite case. The Hanafi and Maliki schools, as well as Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim, hold the view that istihalah can purify impurities, citing Quranic verses and Prophetic hadiths, such as the emergence of pure milk from between dung and blood, and the purification of animal hides through tanning. Conversely, the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools maintain that istihalah does not generally purify impurities, with some exceptions like the transformation of wine into vinegar through fermentation. The article reviews examples of istihalah in the works of jurists, such as the transformation of animal carcasses into salt, the conversion of feces into soil, and the production of soap from impure oils. It also discusses contemporary applications of istihalah, including the treatment of sewage water, praying on tanned leather, and performing dry ablution (tayammum) on soil mixed with impurities. The article concludes that the preponderant view is that istihalah can be a means of purifying impurities, demonstrating the flexibility of Islamic jurisprudence and its ability to accommodate modern issues.
istihalah, transformation, Islamic jurisprudence, purification of impurities, sewage water, animal hides, tayammum
Verses of Impossibility in the Holy Quran: A Grammatical and Rhetorical Analysis
Verses of impossibility are those that refer to events that can never or rarely happen, tasks that are difficult or impossible to perform, people or things that are of no use, things that are impossible to find or futile efforts. Impossibilities can be classified into logical, physical, causal, nomological, temporary, permanent, partial, total, objective or subjective impossibility. This study sought to analyze verses of impossibility in the Holy Quran, their grammatical structure, rhetorical features, types of questions and conditional, emphatic, and/or negative particles used. Results of the analysis showed two kinds of impossibility (i) those in which Allah challenges the disbelievers and those in which the disbelievers ask the Prophets for what they consider impossible demands. In addition, verses of impossibility in the current study use a combination of grammatical structures and rhetorical devices that mainly contain conditional sentences beginning with conditional particles أن /?an/ (if), لو ,حتى /Hatta:/ (until), لولا /laula:/ (if), negative, imperative, interrogative, and emphatic structures, few modals and rhetorical questions, some metaphors, hyperbole, antitheses and counterfactuals to describe challenges, futile efforts, stubbornness of the disbelievers and their incongruous behavior. They also focus on logical, temporary and permanent impossibilities. Other rhetorical features of the Holy Quran, such as antiphrasis, asyndeton, cadence, chiasmus, epizeuxis, equivoque, isocolon, palindrome, polyptoton, and synecdoche are still open for further investigation by future researchers.
Holy Quran, Quranic impossibilities, verses of impossibility, rhetorical features, grammatical structures, emphatic structures, imperatives, conditional sentences, negative structures, figures of speech
Building Awareness of the Law, Nation, and State with Taqwa According to the Al-Qur’an and Sunnah
This article aims to examine the meaning of taqwa according to the Al-Qur'an and Hadist and how pious behavior can build legal awareness of the nation and state. The research uses the library research method with the main sources from the al-Qur’an and hadist. The research results illustrate the concept of taqwa, which means trying as hard as possible to protect oneself from all detrimental actions in this world and the hereafter because of Allah SWT and hoping for His mercy. Thus, this pious behavior can be a solution to building true legal, national, and state awareness.
Developing Intercultural Competence via Virtual Exchange Programs: The Case of Moroccan University Students
This article presents the results of a study conducted at the School of Law and Economics of Casablanca. The study explores the effect of intercultural interventions in developing the learners’ intercultural competence. Two groups of informants representing two different master programs participated in this study. While the control group (29) attended only a traditional classroom course on Intercultural Awareness in Business, the treatment group (37) took the same class and also participated in a virtual exchange program that counted for 15% of their final grades. The study used the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) to investigate the developmental patterns of the learners’ intercultural competence following the two intercultural interventions. The study sought to investigate how virtual exchange programs affected participants' intercultural competence and sensitivity in comparison to those who had a traditional classroom experience. The results exhibited significantly elevated levels of intercultural sensitivity in the treatment group compared to the control group, indicating that the treatment group exhibited markedly significant levels. The findings provide support for the recommendation to implement virtual exchange programs as a practical method to improve employability skills and global awareness among university students. Consequently, these findings substantiate the recommendation to incorporate virtual exchange programs as an efficacious approach for enhancing employability skills and fostering global awareness within formal academic settings, particularly among university students.
Intercultural competence; Virtual exchange; global awareness; EFL
The Ruling on AL-qeraah al-shazzah to the Hanafi School
The research dealt with the topic “The ruling on AL-qeraah al-shazzah to the Hanafi school,” and the research problem appears through the research’s attempt to answer the following question: What is irregular reading and the difference between it and frequent reading, and what is the ruling on using it as evidence according to the Hanafi masters? The research aims to find out the types of irregular reading, the opinions of the jurists regarding its acceptance or non-acceptance, the conditions for its acceptance in the Hanafi rulings, their argument for that, and to clarify whether the irregular reading was a recited Qur’an and then copied from the recitation or is it in the ruling of single narrations, and whatever the case, the reading The anomalous has a major role in proving and clarifying jurisprudential rulings. During the research, we attributed the sayings to their authors and their original references with all honesty, and in the end, we arrived at the most important results of the research expected by God’s will and power.
Hanafi, Irregular Reading, Regular Reading
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Standards of selecting Friends in light of Sharia
This study investigates the impact of being with friends and companions regarding the Holly Quran. Human is naturally social and always need to live among human being. It is quite difficult to find one who may live away from the society and far from humans. If one lives away from the society will always live and will face with complexities and difficulties because being social and human needs to have friends as well as companions. Being with companions may have a positive impact. In addition, the purpose of this research is to determine the method of choosing a real friend and how to distance yourself from an evil and unwise companion, which in the research method of this article is an analytical topic based on Sharia texts, the result shows that the religion of Islam emphasizes on choosing a friend. On the basis of religiosity, the important feature should be prioritized, which includes having divine piety, intelligence, courage and honesty, which is the result of such a standard of parents, and which reflects the educational and academic efforts of education and educational institutions, and the rule of order. It has become humane in the society and prevents abusers and anarchism.
A Study on Sending Blessing for The Prophet Pease Be Upon Him
Prayer means supplication and peace, since praying upon the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, is an important act of worship in Islam, as God Almighty mentioned it in His Noble Book and commanded His faithful servants to do it. However, heresies have made their way into this worship as well, and every sect has played its role in sticking to nonsense and nonsense. Come with it.The topic is of special importance to the Islamic nation, as God Almighty mentioned blessings upon His Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, in his Noble Book and commanded the Muslims to perform it, saying: :( إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا ) (الأحزاب: 56):(Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. O you who have believed, bless him and grant him peace with complete peace.) (Al-Ahzab: 56). So I wanted to write an article entitled (A study on praying upon the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him), in which I mentioned the correct way to pray upon the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, according to a library curriculum, and in which I addressed various topics related to this worship, including: the definition of prayer and peace and its ruling. How to pray for the Prophet, may God bless him and peace be upon him.
Prayer, Peace, The Prophet, Wisdom, Places of Prayer
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The Essence of Religious Conversion in the Perspective of Alfred North Whitehead's Philosophy of Processes
This study aims to understand the essence of religious conversion from the perspective of Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy. This type of research is library research. Data sources come from books and journal articles. The collected data is then analyzed by the method of philosophical hermeneutics with elements of personal description and reflection. The study found the following: (1) Religious conversion in the holistic model is a religious change that takes place over time and not a single event. Conversions are influenced by various interrelated variables. (2) In the meaning system model, religious conversion is understood as a change in the meaning system resulting from strong pressure from input factors and weak system elements to resist pressure. (3) Conversion career aproach sees religious conversion as a radical change in individual religion influenced by social, institutional, individual and contingency factors. Religious conversion is one form of an individual's religious participation during this phase of life. Based on the three explanations of religious conversion according to the three paradigms above, this study concludes that the essence of religious conversion from the perspective of process philosophy is the formation of human self-religiosity. The formation of self-religiosity through religious conversion involves two things, namely, datum and subjective aim. Datum is the whole variable selected through the process of prehence, while the subjective aim is the self-image desired by the individual who is forming himself. Religious conversion is a result of human nature as a being that continues to "be." the implication of this finding is the importance of formulating conversion ethics so that the phenomenon of religious conversion does not lead to social disharmony.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies