Acts of Illocutionary Speech by Ganjar Pranowo in the "One Hour Closer" Talkshow

An illocutionary speech act is doing something related to other functions and purposes of the speech. Speech acts are a reaction by an interaction involving two parties, namely the speaker and the speech partner. One-hour closer, which TV One broadcasted, was a talk show presenting essential people not far from the government and community leaders who had significant roles for the nation. One of the characters is Ganjar Pranowo. Ganjar Pranowo has been the Governor of Central Java for two terms who have served since August 23, 2013. This study aims to describe the forms of illocutionary speech acts and the functions of illocutionary speech acts contained in Ganjar Pranowo's speech in the talkshow "One Hour Closer." This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sample of conversational quotations. The data collection technique used is the listening method using note-taking techniques and free-involved-talk listening techniques. The results showed that: 1) the forms of illocutionary speech acts contained in Ganjar Pranowo's speech, include assertive speech acts, directive speech acts, commissive speech acts, expressive speech acts, and declarative speech acts and 2) the functions of illocutionary speech acts that found in Ganjar Pranowo's speech, including four assertive speech acts with the function of stating, one speech act of assertive function of claiming, one speech act of advising function, two commissive speech acts of offering something, two expressive speech acts of praising function, and one declarative speech act of dismissing function. This situation shows that this study contains illocutionary speech acts and 11 different functions of illocutionary speech acts.

New research is worth doing if it touches at least one of these two traits: urgent and interesting Siregar et al., (2021, p. 51). This research is necessary to study because this research can identify the form of illocutionary speech acts. It consists of assertive illocutionary speech acts, illocutionary directive speech acts, commissive illocutionary speech, expressive, declarative speech acts, and the function of each form of illocutionary speech acts. So, it can make future researchers use this research as a reference. In addition, researchers are interested in researching the illocutionary speech acts of Ganjar Pranowo in the talk show "One Hour Closer" because the talk show is light and focuses on discussing the lives of the characters.
Based on the above background, the purpose of this study is to determine the form of illocutionary speech acts and their functions contained in Ganjar Pranowo's speech in the talk show "One Hour Leih Near." In addition, this research helps understand the study of pragmatics, especially illocutionary speech acts, as a reference for further research.

Literature Reviews
Austin was the first to come up with the theory of speech acts, which Searle later developed this theory. The speech act is a pragmatic analysis. According to Leech Oka, (2011, p. 8), pragmatics study meaning concerning speech situations. Meanwhile, according to Yule (2006, p. 3-4) that pragmatics studies the meaning conveyed by speakers (or writers) and then interpreted by listeners (or readers). Based on the expert opinion above, pragmatics is the study of meaning related to both parties can be a reasonable conclusion.
Austin states that when someone says something, he or she also does something. According to Searle (Wijana and Rohmadi, 2009, p. 195) explains that a speech act is a product or result of a sentence under certain conditions and is the smallest unit of linguistic communication that can be in the form of statements, orders, questions, or others. According to Hamey (in Sumarsono and Paina Partama, 2010: 329-330), speech acts are part of speech events, and speech events are part of speech situations. Rules or norms for speakers are regulating every speech event are limited to activities or aspects of activities. Kridalaksana mentioned that a speech act is the uttering of a sentence to state that the speaker's intention is known to the listener Putrayasa, (2014: 85). Based on the expert opinion above, A speech act results from the utterance of a sentence in a particular situation so that something or the intention conveyed by the speaker reaches the speech partner can be a reasonable conclusion.
Chaer (2010, p. 27) divides speech acts into three types, namely 1) locutionary speech acts, 2) illocutionary speech acts, and 3) perlocutionary speech acts. Locutionary speech act is speaking with words, phrases, and sentences according to the meaning contained by the words, phrases, and sentences Rahardi, (2005, p. 35-36). This sentence can be called the act of saying something. Illocutionary speech acts are acts of doing something with a specific purpose and function. This speech act can be said as the act of doing something. The perlocutionary act is an act of growing influence on the speech partner. This speech act is called the act of affecting someone.
Illocutionary speech acts are speech acts that contain the power to act by saying something Tarigan, (2009, p. 35). Illocutionary acts are classified in speaking activities into five forms of speech (Searle and Rahardi, 2003, p. 72), namely: a) assertive speech acts; b) directive speech acts; c) commissive speech acts; d) expressive speech acts, and e) declarative speech acts. Here is the explanation: 1. Assertive speech acts are speech acts related to the truth of what is said. 2. Directive speech acts are speech acts that are intended to make the interlocutor do something. 3. Commissive speech acts are speech acts that are bound between the speaker and action that will be carried out in the future by doing all the things mentioned in the speech. 4. Expressive speech acts are done so that the speech is interpreted as an evaluation. 5. Declarative speech acts are speeches that have power in their speech and intend to create new things.
Searle also divides each form of speech act, each of which has a different function. The function of the speech act can be seen in the speech delivered. These functions include 1) the function of assertive speech acts, including stating (stating), suggesting (suggesting), boasting (boasting), complaining (complaining), and claiming (claiming); 2) directive speech act functions, including ordering, commanding, requesting, advising, and recommending; 3) the function of commissive speech acts, including promising, vowing, and offering something; 4) the function of expressive speech acts, including thanking (thanking), congratulating (pardoning), blaming (blaming), praising (praising), and condolences (condoling); and 5) the function of declarative speech acts, including resigning, dismissing, christening, naming, appointing, excommunicating, and sentencing. This function can make speakers and speech partners respect each other so that there is no insult.

Research Methods
This research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods, namely by describing the findings in analytical data analysis based on research findings. According to Sugiyono (2016, p. 9), the descriptive qualitative method is a research method based on the philosophy of postpositivism. It is used to examine the condition of natural objects (as opposed to experiments) where the researcher is the key instrument of data collection techniques carried out by triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive or qualitative, and the results of qualitative research emphasize meaning rather than generalizations. This qualitative descriptive study aims to explain the form of Ganjar Pranowo's illocutionary speech acts contained in the talk show "One Hour Closer." The data collection technique used to obtain the data in this study is the free-of-conversation listening technique and the notetaking technique. Sudaryanto (2015, p. 204) states that the free-of-conversation listening technique is a data collection technique that positions the researcher not to be involved in the research dialogue or conversation. The free-of-conversation listening technique was carried out by observing the use of Ganjar Pranowo's language in the talk show "One Hour Closer" as research data. After making observations, proceed with the note-taking technique by noting Ganjar Pranowo's communication in the talk show "One Hour Closer." The source of data in this study is video recordings obtained through the YouTube site on the VDVC Talk channel, which TV One broadcasts. Data collection can be done using primary and secondary sources. The primary data of this research was obtained by downloading, watching, and observing Ganjar Pranowo's speech in the talk show "One Hour Closer." The video used for this research was published on March 27, 2021. Meanwhile, the secondary data for this research are the results of previous research and books on sociolinguistics.

Results and discussions
Speech acts are a form of genuine use of speech acts in a conversation. Based on the data that the researcher has collected, this research contains illocutionary acts. This research was obtained from videos uploaded via YouTube on the VDVC Talk channel entitled "One Hour Closer to Ganjar Pranowo." According to Searle in Rahardi (2005: 35-36), illocutionary speech acts do something with a specific purpose and function. This speech act can be said as the act of doing something. The data found in this study is the form and function of speech in illocutionary acts. The form of illocutionary speech acts consists of; assertive illocutionary speech acts, directive illocutionary speech, commissive illocutionary speech acts, expressive illocutionary speech acts, and declarative illocutionary speech acts.
Each form has 11 different functions. These functions include four assertive speech acts, the function of stating; 1 assertive speech act claiming function; 1 directive speech act advising function; 2 commissive speech acts offering something; 2 expressive speech acts praising function; and one declarative speech act of firing function.
The form of speech acts contained in this study is an illocutionary act. In the following, the author will describe the form of illocutionary speech acts and the function of illocutionary speech acts in Ganjar Pranowo's speech in the talk show "One Hour Closer." 1.) Assertive speech act with the function of stating Data (1) Indy Rahmawati (Host): "What is Central Java Gayeng?" Ganjar Pranowo: "Central Java Gayeng. Gayeng is fun, gayeng is happy, gayeng is all involved. So, we hope that the people of Central Java will have high participation, we hope that they will also be happy people, and they will share responsibility" (SJLD/00:51) The above data that Ganjar Pranowo speaks to Indy Rahmawati (Host) is a form of assertive illocutionary speech act. Mr. Ganjar Pranowo encouraged to be able to encourage the people of Central Java to be involved in building a more advanced Central Java with what Mr. Ganjar Pranowo expected as Governor of Central Java. This can be seen in the sentence, "We hope that the people of Central Java will have high participation, we hope that they will also be happy people, and they will share responsibility." Therefore, this utterance is included in the assertive illocutionary speech with the function of certifying. Data (2) Indy Rahmawati (Host): "So, there was an angry scene, right? Is that angry? It is cool, sir." Ganjar Pranowo: "Yes, my friends who watched it were also shocked. Loh, Jar, can you be angry? I do not know, when I saw that, oh, how come I am angry." (SJLD/05:00) The above data that Ganjar Pranowo speaks to Indy Rahmawati (Host) is a form of assertive illocutionary speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo stated that it was confirmed that in the video shown on the talk show "One Hour Closer," Pak Ganjar Pranowo was angry. This is found in the sentence, "I do not know, as soon as I saw that, oh, how come I am angry?" Mr. Ganjar Pranowo is angry because of the illegal levies that are rife at the Weighbridge, Central Java, due to weak regulations (regional regulations) sanctions. That is why this speech is included in the assertive illocutionary speech of the function of certifying.

Data (3)
Ganjar Pranowo: "Because of this, because I watched it at the Weighbridge for two weeks. So, there are reports from the community that there are SMS, some use social media, 'Sir, the Weighing Bridge, sir, asks for money every day. Then, gathered friends from the transportation office, 'OK, I will remind you that there will not be any starting tomorrow.'" (SJLD/05:17) The data mentioned above by Mr. Ganjar Pranowo is a form of assertive illocutionary speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo stated that the community or truck drivers reported to him because they were constantly asked for money every time they passed the Weighbridge. This can be seen in the sentence, "So, there are reports from the community that there are SMS, some use social media, 'Sir, the Weighing Bridge, sir, asks for money every day." Mr. Ganjar Pranowo also considered that the equipment used at the Weighbridge, especially in Central Java, was still not sophisticated. Pak Ganjar Pranowo also has to evaluate local regulations (regional regulations), and cooperation is needed. Therefore, this speech is included in the assertive illocutionary speech with the function of certifying. Data (4) Indy Rahmawati (Host): "So, at that time, Mas Ganjar was already governor. The information conveyed by Pak Harmoko is essential." Ganjar Pranowo: "Commodities. Oh, very important. Until now, I made a commodity information system. Now I make it a commodity information system. So what it is called, the public understands the price trend that is happening and where they have to sell and buy". (SJLD/18:34) The above data spoken by Mr. Ganjar Pranowo to Indy Rahmawati (Host) is a form of assertive illocutionary speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo stated that Pak Harmoko provided information about commodities, which was very important to him. This can be seen in the sentence, "Oh very important, until now I made a commodity information system." Which commodities can be traded for profit or exchanged for other goods with the same value? Therefore, this utterance is included in the assertive illocutionary speech with the function of certifying.
2) Assertive Speech Act Claiming Function Data (5) Host: "Is it right, the meeting with Mba Atiqoh was an accident?
Ganjar Pranowo: "Yes, because we used to do KKN (Corruption, Collusion, Nepotism) together. So, I like it because there is nothing else" (SJLD/36:44) The above data spoken by Mr. Ganjar Pranowo to Indy Rahmawati is a form of assertive speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo confirmed the host's question that his meeting with his wife was due to joint KKN. It can be seen in the sentence, "Yes, because we used to do community service together. So, there is nothing else to like because of what it has called". This utterance is the assertive illocutionary speech with the function of claiming because it is by the truth.
3) Directive Speech Advising Function Data (6) Ganjar Pranowo: "Always whispering since I was in the DPR before. He always whispered something like 'Do not be corrupt. Dedicate yourself to the next 2000,' and that is what the late always whispered" (SJLD/22:58) The data mentioned above by Mr. Ganjar Pranowo is a form of directive illocutionary speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo remembers the advice given by his late mother, which is always spoken and conveyed through his ears; until now, that is what makes him excited. This situation can be seen in the sentence, "Always whispering since I was in the DPR before." Therefore, this speech is the illocutionary directive speech with the function of advising.

4) Commissive Speech Acts Offering Functions Data (7)
Ganjar Pranowo: "So I started blowing, talking to my friends at the police. For if all this time it took one boarding house, one fee to say physical checks, photocopies, Etc. (illegal levies), Alternatively, extra costs can be internalized so that external costs that come out of the pockets of the community are internalized. So, I offer the internalization of external costs so that by internalizing, it all becomes lawful and it can be conveyed, only Is this a dipper, it has not welcomed yet, but it is still in the process of arranging." (SJLD/07:17) The above data that Mr. Ganjar Pranowo speaks is a form of commissive speech act, namely offering. Pak Ganjar Pranowo offers to internalize the costs that come out of the community's pockets. This situation appears in the sentence, "I offer that if all this time, this has been a bribe, an extortion, or an extra fee, then it can be internalized, so that external costs that come out of the community's pockets are internalized." Because he admits that it is challenging to eradicate extortion (illegal levies) in the police and Samsat. Therefore, this speech is the commissive illocutionary speech of the offer function.
Data (8) Indy Rahmawati: "How many more years, Mas?" Ganjar Pranowo: "I am halfway, 2.5 years old." Indy Rahmawati: "Will you continue to the next one?" Ganjar Pranowo: "It depends on whether the party approves me to continue or I am told to stop" (SJLD/17:08) The above data that Mr. Ganjar Pranowo spoke to Indy Rahmawati (Host) is a commissive illocutionary speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo offered to continue his position as Governor of Central Java if the participating party approved of his offer. This can be seen in the sentence, "Depends on whether the party approves me to continue or I am told to stop." Therefore, this speech is included in the commissive illocutionary speech of the offer function.

5) Expressive Speech Acts Praising Function
Data (9) Indy Rahmawati (Host): "What is the story about Pak Harmoko?" Ganjar Pranowo: I saw that Pak Harmoko's information about commodities was critical, and one day he came to me, came, talked about something I did not understand, and he told me about art, which was terrific. (SJLD/17:57) The above data spoken by Mr. Ganjar Pranowo to Indy Rahmawati (Host) is a form of expressive illocutionary speech act. It is said to be commendable because, at that time, Pak Harmoko told about the arts that made Pak Ganjar Pranowo amazed. This can be seen in the sentence, "I do not understand, and he talks about art, extraordinary." Therefore, this speech is included in the expressive illocutionary speech of the function of praising.
Data (10) Indy Rahmawati (Host): "What do you remember most about your mother, Mas Ganjar?" Ganjar Pranowo: "What is it? a powerful woman, an extraordinary woman, who dreams of her children having a better life" (SJLD/22:32) The above data spoken by Mr. Ganjar Pranowo to Indy Rahmawati (Host) is a form of expressive illocutionary speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo praised his late mother, a great woman and had dreams for her children when she was alive. This can be seen in the sentence, "A powerful woman, an extraordinary woman, who dreams of her children having a better life." Therefore, this speech is included in the commissive illocutionary speech with the function of praising. 6) Declarative Speech Acts Firing Function Data (11) Ganjar Pranowo: "I just asked for one. I am not going to stop you from mining, but I want your permission. What is so hard about getting permission? If later my employees ask for money because they want to take care of permits, report me. I will fire tomorrow morning. Yes, we want to clean. We want to clean. However, if you do not support us, you cannot." (SJLD/09:02) The data mentioned above by Mr. Ganjar Pranowo is a form of declarative illocutionary speech act. Pak Ganjar Pranowo wants to fire his employee who asks for money to take care of the mining permit. This can be seen in the sentence, "If later my employees ask for money because they want to take care of permits, report me. I will fire tomorrow morning." Therefore, this utterance is included in the declarative illocutionary speech of the function of dismissing.

Conclusion and Recommendation
Based on the research results above, from some of the authors' data, conclusions can be drawn regarding the form of illocutionary speech acts and the function of illocutionary speech acts. In the research entitled "Ganjar Pranowo's illocutionary speech acts in the "One Hour Closer" Talkshow," the authors found that illocutionary speech acts consist of 5 forms, namely 1) assertive illocutionary speech acts; 2) directive illocutionary speech acts; 3) commissive illocutionary speech acts; 4) expressive illocutionary speech acts; and 5) declarative illocutionary speech acts.
There are 11 different functions of speech acts stated in Pak Ganjar Pranowo's communication. These functions include: 4 assertive illocutionary speech acts, the function of stating; 1 illocutionary speech act assertive function of claiming, one directive illocutionary speech act advising function, two commissive illocutionary speech acts offering something, two illocutionary speech acts the expressive function of praising, and one declarative illocutionary speech act with the function of firing.
This study only analyzes the forms of illocutionary speech acts and the functions of illocutionary speech acts developed by Searle. This research is still far from perfect. Therefore, further researchers can develop further about illocutionary speech acts. Not only that, there are other forms of speech acts, such as locutionary speech acts and perlocutionary speech acts, that can be used as further research.
Ganjar Pranowo's illocutionary speech act research in the talk show "One Hour Closer" can be used as a primary reference for research in the field of pragmatics. Not only that but this research can also be used as reading material and reference for tasks that lead to the realm of speech acts. Hopefully, this research can be helpful for future researchers in the relevant research.
Funding: This research received no external funding