Analysis of Society Dependance on Natural Resources in Ringinsari Village of Boyolali District

Received: 02 October 2021 Accepted: 25 October 2021 Published: 10 November 2021 DOI: 10.32996/ijahs.2021.1.1.7 This study aims to determine the dependence of society on natural resources in Ringinsari village, Boyolali district. To obtain a representative sample there, the qualitative method was carried out by conducting interviews with locals related to the topic of writing. Primary data collection is obtained by means of observation, namely question and answer sessions with the local community. Secondary data is obtained from agencies related to the issue. The data were analyzed by dividing into an analysis of the village environment, an analysis of the lifestyle of the locals, and an analysis of the population's dependence on nature or natural resources. The results showed that the Ringinsari village, Boyolali district is the largest village in one sub-district and has the largest population, namely 66 Family Cards (KK). Most of the locals work as factory workers, farmers and some have set up their own businesses, such as opening basic food stalls. Society is still very dependent on nature because some locals own livestock and manage plantations. KEYWORDS


Introduction 1
Natural resources, such as water, air, land, oil, fish, forests, and everything in them, and others, are essential resources for human survival (Keraf, 2006). The dependence between humans and natural resources is very close (Laksana, 2017). The loss or reduced availability of these resources will have a major impact on the survival of mankind on Earth. Good management of natural resources will improve the welfare of mankind and vice versa (Jolianis, 2014).
The dependence of locals in Ringinsari village, Boyolali district on natural resources is very heavy. It is visible in strategic geographical factors, abundant natural resources in the village, and the potential of human resources in the village. One of the indicators is the large number of people who work in plantations, they grow cultivated vegetables and tubers. Most of the population also still has livestock (Cows and goats). The strategic location of the village, which is at the foot of Mount Merbabu, allows Ringinsari village, Boyolali district to have clean and abundant water sources. The population still upholds Javanese customs such as mutual cooperation, feasts, and sadranan. In addition, village clean-up activities are conducted. It is evident in the condition of the village which looks clean and very beautiful. Judging from the current condition of Ringinsari village, the dependence of the residents of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district on natural resources is very heavy.

Material and Method
The focus of this study is the dependence of villagers on natural resources in Ringinsari village, Boyolali district. Sampling was carried out in a qualitative way through interviews with several locals of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district. The number of samples taken is 3 people, along with a number of respondents from Ringinsari village who were directly related to the topic. The total number of samples in this study was 10 people.

Primary Data
Primary data was obtained through observation, namely questions and answers with several residents and also agencies located in Ringinsari village, Boyolali district. The sample locals are; 1) People who work in plantations, 2) Cattle and goat breeders, 3) Entrepreneurs, 4) Factory workers, 5) Unemployed, 6) Students. Meanwhile, agencies related to the research topic are; Head of the neighborhood and the Head of hamlet.

Secondary Data
Secondary data was obtained from agencies related to the focus of the study (Manzilati, 2017;Moleong, L.J., 1989;Neolaka, 2014). Secondary data included rural conditions and the quality of natural resources, and the geographical conditions of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district.

Data Analysis 2.3.1 Analysis of Village Environmental Conditions
The analysis was carried out by direct observation of the conditions of the land containing natural resources (Martha & Kresno, 2016).

Analysis of the Rural Society Lifestyle
The analysis was carried out through direct observation by examining the condition of the population and by interviewing several locals (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2013).

Analysis of Society Dependence on Natural Resources
The analysis was carried out by interviewing local residents and by conducting questions and answers sessions, filling out questionnaires provided by the researchers.

Village Environmental Conditions
In Indonesia, rural areas are locations considered to remain clean. The village is a geographical embodiment (Area) that emerged by social, economic, political, and cultural physiographic elements in their relationship and mutual influence with its surrounding areas (Laksana, 2017).
Ringinsari village, Boyolali district has an area of 8.00 km. Based on the data in 2006, Ringinsari village was used houses (350.00 ha), yards (150.00 ha), plantations (200.00 ha), and others (100.00 ha). Based on the survey, the location of Ringinsari village is quite strategic, which is at the foot of Mount Merbabu, close to Mount Merapi. The air is still unpolluted and the village is also clean and well-maintained, there are still many large trees that make the village look more beautiful. The air temperature in Ringinsari village can reach 11℃.
The population of Ringinsari village is quite dense for it is the only village with the largest population in one sub-district. The houses owned by locals have a fairly large yard. Rural areas are strongly influenced by soil, climate, and water conditions as important requirements for the realization of the agrarian lifestyle in the village (Purwanto et al., 2015). In Ringinsari village, the soil type is humus, formed from weathering plants and contains many nutrients and minerals (Purwanto et al., 2009). This soil type is fertile and very good for farming (Prayitno, 2016). It is not surprising that most of the population chooses to cultivate crops.
Ringinsari village, Boyolali district, belongs to an area with a tropical climate, as well as cold and humid. With temperatures ranging from 25.5℃-27.5℃, with a maximum average air temperature of 29.5℃ and a minimum average air temperature of 11℃, the humidity is relatively high. As an area with a tropical climate, the particular village averagely gets above 50⁒ sunlight.
The water in Ringinsari village comes from the Mount Merbabu spring. It is certain that the water is abundant and clean, even during the dry season, there will be no shortage of clean water, given that water is the source of life for humans, plants, and even animals (Laksana, 2017). Ringinsari Village has adequate water sources for daily life.
The development of Ringinsari village infrastructure is also included in the infrastructure that is adequate for the needs of the society. The development of rural transportation infrastructure to support increased accessibility of rural society, among the available infrastructure, namely roads, bridges, and others (Murdapa et al., 2016). The development of infrastructure that supports agricultural production and locals' plantations, including irrigation in Ringinsari village, Boyolali district.
The level of dependence of the society or residents of Ringinsari village on natural resources when viewed from the condition of the village environment is relatively high. This can be proven by the large number of people who cultivate crops, raise livestock, and also manage agricultural land and plantations. Of course, this cannot be separated from the natural resources available in Ringinsari village.
"The locals of this village, indeed, mostly choose to cultivate crops and also raise livestock. It is because, in the village, there are many plantations and rice fields. It's a shame if it's not taken care of properly, it will be neglected. Therefore, they choose to garden. However, there are also those who are still working as factory workers, most of whom have just graduated from high school and have chosen factory workers." Explanation from Mr. Supardi (Head of neighborhood in Ringinsari village, Boyolali district). Judging from the explanation, it can be concluded that the condition of the village, the villagers are very dependent on natural resources.

Village Society Lifestyle
The characteristics of the villagers include the following (Ministry of Village No. 2 of 2016): 1) Affectivity: It relates to feelings of affection, love, loyalty, and intimacy. It is manifested in the attitude and actions of helping, expressing sympathy for the calamities suffered by people, and helping them selflessly. The villagers of Ringinsari strongly adhere to this custom, because they tend to follow the traditions that have been passed down from generation to generation from their elders or ancestors. 2) Collective Orientation: This trait is a consequence of affectivity, namely they are concerned with togetherness, do not like to stand out, basically, all must show uniformity. In Ringinsari village, things like this are common, it is very rare that differences of opinion are spotted between locals. 3) Particularism: Relating to special treatment of a certain area. Typically, the villagers still believe in mystical things (Perteta, 2009). Likewise, in Ringinsari village, most of the people believe in it. 4) Ascription: Associated with a custom or heredity. In Ringinsari village, they are still very attached to the legacy of the elders.
One of the examples is a woman or a man who is still single, usually sits in front of the door or eats at the door, they think that later it will be difficult to find a mate. 5) Informing: Related to the language of the society in conveying something indirectly without any external influence.
In general, the locals of Ringinsari village consist only of the Javanese. The social conditions of the society can be described as follows: There are 66 families, 47 work as farm laborers, 10 choose to set up businesses and the remaining 43 are factory workers. Based on the description of the income level, the economic condition of the community, in general, is in the relatively adequate category. Locals who work as farmers and who work on plantations, process and market garden products to create prosperity for plantation and agricultural business actors.
Quoted from the tradition of the villagers of Ringinsari, Boyolali district. Villagers are more dependent on the plantation, agriculture, and livestock sectors. However, there are also those who become factory workers or set up their own businesses.
The villagers of Ringinsari also have a tradition of commemorating historical days. For example, when someone dies, after that there will be a Mitung Dinani event (Commemorating the seventh day of death), the 40 th day of death, the commemoration of the hundredth day of death, and other rituals. It is because the villagers of Ringinsari are 100 Muslims, they commemorate in an Islamic way, namely by reciting tahlil and Yasin together, and others.
There is also a sadranan tradition, namely by cleaning the graves in the village together and also doing a feast at the mosque. After that there will be a gathering like on Islamic Days, visiting one house to another. This is done to maintain the relationship between locals.
In the modern era, it does not dampen the ingrained tradition. Even though the times are so fast, and more modern technology is developing, the traditions in Ringinsari village continue to run as they should. The locals also keep up with the eras without erasing the old culture.
Based on the explanation above, the dependence of the people of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district, from the perspective of society's lifestyle, is relatively high. This is related to how the society utilizes natural resources, the management of natural resources, and from the results of natural resources used by the people of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district.

Society Dependence on Natural Resources
The high quality and quantity of natural resources is an undeniable fact. The existence of natural resources in aspects of life is largely determined by the level of public awareness of the importance of natural resources to be utilized and managed as well as possible.
Humans and nature have a unique relationship, in which humans are part of the natural ecosystem itself. The reciprocal relationship between humans and natural resources is an interaction that influences each other. If natural resources are decreasing and not being managed properly, human life will be threatened. Otherwise, if natural resources are maintained and managed properly, human life will be fulfilled and their welfare will be maintained.
The life of the people of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district, is still strongly influenced by the condition of the surrounding natural resources, both directly and indirectly, such as climatic conditions and the availability of clean water. The high value and benefits of natural resources for society have implications for society's dependence on the results of natural resources.

Biological Natural Resources
Biological natural resources are natural resources that come from living things. Included in biological sources are plants, animals, and others (Santoso et al., 2019). Biological natural resources are used by humans for food, besides that biological natural resources are also used for clothing or clothing.
In Ringinsari village, Boyolali district, the society utilizes natural resources like food, namely from agricultural and plantation products. Included in the agricultural products in Ringinsari village are rice, spices, vegetables, and fruits. Meanwhile, the plantation products in Ringinsari village are coconut, tea, coffee, cloves, rubber, and others.
Societies make good use of the results of natural resources for their daily needs, from agricultural and community plantations, some for sale in the market and partly to meet their own needs.
In addition to agriculture and plantations, society also utilizes biological natural resources in the form of animals. Among the animals included in the natural resources in Ringinsari village are cows, buffaloes, and goats.
Society uses buffalo to plow the fields, although currently along with technological developments there are tools to plow the fields such as tractors. However, there are still many people from Ringinsari village who use buffalo to plow the fields. Meanwhile, cows and goats are livestock that society takes care of. This is intended if later when they sell the cows and goats, they will benefit from the sale, and the profits will be used to meet their daily needs. Usually, the people sell their livestock at the animal market, which is not too far from the village location.

Non-biological Natural Resources
Non-living natural resources are natural resources that come from non-living components such as the sun, water, air, soil, and mining products. Humans, animals, and plants need sunlight to survive. Plants need sunlight to carry out photosynthesis, humans themselves need sunlight for daily needs such as drying clothes. Water resources are used by the people of Ringinsari village for their daily needs such as bathing, cooking, washing, and irrigating rice fields.
This proves that humans need natural resources and natural resources need humans too.

Conclusion
Based on the results of research and discussion on the dependence of the Ringinsari village society on natural resources, it can be concluded as follows: 1. The level of dependence of the society of Ringinsari village on natural resources from the perspective of the condition of the village environment is relatively high. This can be proven by the large number of people who cultivate crops, raise livestock, and also manage agricultural land and plantations. Of course, this cannot be separated from the natural resources available in Ringinsari village. 2. The dependence of the society in Ringinsari village, Boyolali district, from the perspective of the society's lifestyle is relatively high. This is related to how the society utilizes natural resources, the management of natural resources, and from the results of natural resources used by the people of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district. 3. The life of the people of Ringinsari village, Boyolali district is still strongly influenced by the condition of the surrounding natural resources, both directly and indirectly such as climatic conditions and the availability of clean water. The high value and benefits of natural resources for society have implications for society's dependence on the results of natural resources. This proves that humans need natural resources and natural resources also need humans. Natural resources and society are interdependent.