Quality of Life and Its Determinants among Patients with β-Thalassemia Major in a Resource-Limited Setting

Abstract

Background: β-thalassemia major is a chronic inherited blood disorder that imposes substantial physical, psychological, and social burdens on affected individuals. Beyond survival, quality of life has emerged as a critical outcome, particularly in resource-limited settings where healthcare, psychosocial support, and living conditions are constrained. Main Aim: To assess quality of life and identify its key determinants among patients with β-thalassemia major in a resource-limited setting. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 patients with β-thalassemia major receiving care at governmental thalassemia centers in the Gaza Strip. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life–Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine quality of life domains and associated factors. Findings: Participants demonstrated a moderate overall quality of life. Physical and psychological domains were the most affected, reflecting fatigue, emotional distress, and treatment-related burden. Social relationships showed comparatively better scores, while environmental quality of life was limited by financial constraints, transportation, and access to resources. Younger patients reported relatively higher quality of life than older participants. Conclusion: Patients with β-thalassemia major experience multidimensional challenges that extend beyond clinical symptoms. Routine assessment of quality of life is essential to inform holistic, patient-centered care and address physical, psychological, social, and environmental needs in resource-limited settings.