Inventory's Key Role in Conservation: Evaluating Biodiversity Indices and Identifying Priority Areas in Lebak Muncang

Abstract

This study aims to inventory biodiversity in Lebak Muncang, Ciwidey, West Java, with a focus on identifying species of flora and fauna, analyzing diversity levels, and determining conservation priorities based on the protection status of species and ecosystem conditions. The study employed a field survey method, combining line transects and quadrat plots, for collecting data on fauna (dragonflies, butterflies, mammals, and herpetofauna). Species identification was carried out using determination keys and verified based on conservation status (IUCN Red List, CITES, and Permen LHK P.106/2018). Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness (E), and Margalef richness (R). Distribution mapping of protected species was conducted using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine conservation priority areas. This study identified 58 species of fauna, comprising 11 species of dragonflies, 31 species of butterflies, seven mammalian species, and nine herpetofauna species. Several protected species were identified, including the Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas; Endangered/EN status), Javan surili (Presbytis comata), and Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) (both Vulnerable/VU status). The diversity index (H') was moderate for all groups, with high evenness (E>0.7). Butterflies had the highest species richness (R=6.43), while mammals had the lowest (R=1.75). Spatial analysis revealed critical areas that require protection, especially endemic primate habitats. Lebak Muncang has moderate biodiversity with the presence of key protected species. Anthropogenic pressures and habitat fragmentation pose a significant threat to the sustainability of ecosystems. Conservation recommendations include strengthening habitat protection, monitoring endemic species, and integrating policies based on biodiversity analysis.